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Progress Report 1: Welcome to Endless Grey

The clock hits midnight and the crowd cheers, 2050 is here!
Hello everyone, my name is Bread and today my team and I are proud to present the very first Chaos in Diversity Progress Report. Though our discord has been filled with teasers and development updates, our development team has finally reached a point where we have enough content done to showcase it all to you in a more formal setting. So, what is this mod?

Introduction To Dystopia:

Chaos in Diversity (or CiD) is an upcoming mod set not in the past but in the near future, 2050.
Though, notably, this is not our attempt to predict the future, only to create a world that seems plausible. We set ourselves a soft 'Point of Departure' in mid-2018, the point in which we would stop updating our lore in accordance with real world events. The sole exemption to this fact, so far, has been COVID-19, which we worked into our lore in one form. So remember, our history and the mod’s history have already departed in key ways, some of which you’ll be able to spot even in this PR.
The world of Chaos in Diversity is noticeably more multipolar than our own, due to both the decline of American influence and the rise of Chinese power on the world stage. An economic phenomena known as the Pacific Shift has seen the economic centre of the world rapidly shift towards the east, realigning the politics of the world drastically. Furthermore, climate change has continued on its seemingly unstoppable course, bringing rising sea levels, desertification, and countless events which will shape the lives of those within. Our development team has worked hard to create a world on the halfway point to a plausible dystopia: it seems as though the optimism of the early 21st century has been snuffed out and the global slide into mediocrity, despotism, and conflict appears inexorable.
Or perhaps not, should you play your cards right.
While there’s a lot of history to get into, we’ll be talking about one of our custom mechanics first. But before jumping into that, take a moment to enjoy these.
Our Starting Screen
Our World Map
And some of our Loading Screens which should help set the tone!
Now, please remember that everything here is a work in progress. Everything is subject to change, especially when it comes to balancing the mod.

Economic Points

At this point, we’re all quite familiar with HOI IV mods trying to emulate the complex system of economics that keep countries running. The clunky system inherited from base Hoi4 leaves much to be desired, as one designed purely for a massive endgame conflict. However, trying to accurately portray modern economics at this point (or even future economics) is a task which seems insurmountable. Systems which try to perfectly emulate real world economies tend to be restrictive rather than additive, limiting what are already fairly scarce mechanics from the base game even further. As such, we’ve had to turn to an old friend (or enemy, depending on who you ask): Abstraction.
That’s why we have tried a different approach with the introduction of the EP system (short for “economic points”). EPs are supposed to represent government income from taxes, trade and other forms of revenue and are used by the government to fund its services, invest into public works, or whatever other projects may come to mind. The EP system indirectly ties into laws and policies, as some policies have a cost to them that the government needs to pay. EP, in this regard, mostly works like political points and for good reason: by making government economics as abstract as the concept of “political power”, it fits right in the weird economic system of HOI IV as a type of monthly-gained mana instead of concepts such as GDP.
Economic Points
Let’s go over the different things you see, shall we:
  1. Taxation income: a monthly income that depends on your total population and the amount of civilian factories that your nation has. To keep nations like China not too OP (and believe me, without this China was quite up there) the benefit you gain from civilian factories is lowered and the benefits of population are also lowered if a total population reaches a certain amount. Before that, India and China dominated in tax income, gaining around +1000 EP per month.
  2. Other income: a catch-all-term for income that isn’t from taxing people or companies or from trade. This is mostly for events, decisions and focuses as a variable that isn’t tied to another variable like population.
  3. Export: a monthly income depending on the pricing of resources and how much your nation exports. We get to the pricing of resources in a bit, but the general gist of export income should be quite clear.
  4. Government expenses: a monthly cost that exists due to certain policies, laws and the size of the army.
  5. Debt: currently still in a processing stage, but debt can be accumulated throughout the game by governments borrowing EPs from several institutions. This system should represent the old time v accessibility conflict, as a player can of course wait until he has enough EP to do certain projects but he can also decide to borrow enough EP to start his project early and pay more money as a result later. This system would also include interest on the paid debt, but again, it’s still WIP.
  6. Corruption: unlike all the other things on here, corruption isn’t a simple cost or income, but instead a percentage that represents how much corruption your government has. Corruption is generally a bad thing to have, as it subtracts a percentage of your monthly income, and it’s thus recommended to keep it as low as possible.
  7. Import: the opposite of export. Everything nations import will have a cost to it outside of the civilian factories that you trade in for your precious resources. Again, the cost of import is the amount of resources you import times the price of one piece of that resource. Which brings us to…
  8. Resource prices: these variables are updated monthly and look at the total amount of a certain resource that is produced (the supply) and the amount that is imported globally (the demand), creating the price of the resources. Due to the prices being dependent on supply and demand, they’ll be quite volatile. What you can generally expect out of this is that prices for resources like steel and aluminium will increase during the game’s duration as more conflicts start and more military factories are built that need their resources, all the while the supply doesn’t change drastically. For oil, however, something different could happen. To increase the pricing of oil to make it profitable, civilian factories consume a small bit of fuel from gamestart, kickstarting quite a healthy oil price (testgames show an average starting price of around 10, which is 2.5 times as high as the average aluminium price and around 10 times as high as steel and rubber prices). However, later technologies will lower fuel consumption of these factories drastically, representing the shift away from fossil fuels in many nations and towards sustainable energy sources, which is great for the environment but can have a deadly impact on global oil prices. When the game reaches this stage, expect extreme measures to be taken by nations that depend on oil for their EP income (especially as some nations will have EP be directly tied to their survival as a state).
With Economic Points, we hope to create a system in which the player has MORE options to approach their gameplay with, rather than less. Sure, one might want to have as large a military as possible, but your EP will take a serious hit in the process.
Hell, who knows where a player might look for new opportunities to earn EP?
Onto the main content!

China (2050-2052)

In 2050, there is and shall be only one nation which can claim any sort of hegemony: The People’s Republic of China.
While the US saw defeat after defeat domestically and abroad, China seemed to simply move from triumph to triumph, each setback merely a bump in the road. Sure, COVID-25 was somewhat of an embarrassment but, as China led the world through the recovery process, people found they were willing to overlook it and politicians followed suit. Perhaps the Hong Kong situation was mishandled but, ultimately, the international scene eventually looked the other way, for what could be done to stop the CCP?
The situation in Xinjiang was an open secret, deeply horrifying, but would the world truly confront China on the matter? As the years passed, it seemed unlikely.
With economic growth that seemed unstoppable, a pragmatic leadership, and a united party, China began to eclipse all others.
But not everything was united behind the scenes. Xi Jinping, in his efforts to continually centralize and cement his own power as the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, began to alienate members of his own party. Their reasons were many, some simply despised the man, others were worried about the long term stability of putting so much power in the hands of the General Secretary.
Ultimately, their time to strike arose in the most unexpected manner when the General Secretary was struck with a (highly disputed) bout of illness. The actual details on the event are scarce and widely contested. Whether it was a fabrication or a fact, Jinping began to slowly retreat from the spotlight in his role as General Secretary during 2024 and the Party began to reassert its authority under the pragmatic Hu Chunhua, a change in leadership which arrived just in time for a dramatic upheaval in both domestic and international politics.
The Covid Crash, as it began to be known, wreaked havoc on the global and domestic economy, with the Chinese coastal provinces seeing their development plummet amid a panicked retreat of foreign investment. The knock-on effect of this downward turn led to some of the largest liberal protests in recent Chinese history. Whilst the protests dragged on for many months, Chunhua was focused on an economic, not military, solution to the crisis. His caution was well-rewarded, as his plan to ‘turn foreign prosperity into Chinese prosperity’ by filling the void which foreign investment had left proved a boon in both the short and long term, both ending the protests and beginning China’s utter economic independence and dominance.
Chunhua’s successor, Teng Jiang focused on international efforts, the one area in which Chunhua made little progress. Aggressively pushing China’s influence abroad, he solidified the creation of the Asia-Pacific Defense Organisation to secure China’s hegemony over the Pacific in the wake of the Pacific Shift. Jiang was also one of the strongest voices regarding China’s affairs in Africa, leading to massive investments in the struggling East African Federation and other powers who were increasingly falling under the Chinese sphere. At the end of his reign, Jiang had transformed Chunhua’s domestic success into international prestige and power.
Finally, we have Zeng Xinyi, who has been in power since 2042. ‘China’s Uncle’ was swept to power on the back of his cheery persona and electric ability to rouse the masses. Yet, Xinyi is a man deeply troubled by the apparent mediocrity of his own rule. Whilst his flagship program focused on China’s technological sector has broadly been a success, he is overshadowed by the successes of his predecessors. Already, he has been described as a safe but uninspired pair of hands to guide China, carried through his eight years of rule by continued growth and prosperity, none of it his own.
Whilst for the large part he is preoccupied with the preparations for the 101st anniversary of the People’s Republic and the wrangling of the Party’s Political Bureau, Xinyi is not a man who will not allow himself to be idle.
Thus, Xinyi begins to push back against the seemingly inevitable, undermining years of established tradition, trying to get his own ‘protégé’ as the prime candidate for General Secretary.
Perhaps Xinyi has underestimated the complexity which his scheme will require but, once his mind is made, he will not turn back. So begins his gambit. To succeed, he will need to convince key members of the State Bureaucracy, Military, and Party. He will need to avoid the suspicions of his peers. Some of this will come naturally. Some of it will be much harder.
And needless to say, failure is not an option if Xinyi wants to have his future.
At the end of the day, Xinyi's plan will either meet failure...
... or succeed.
But regardless of where his actions lead him, Xinyi has unintentionally revealed deep divisions which run through the core of the party. The future of China as the pre-eminent power of the world is in question and the Party is uncertain of how it should be led forward. Above all you must remember to keep the Party united.
Or the party will take the actions necessary, without you.

The United States of America (2050-2052)

Hello! I’m Michael7123, the lead developer for the United States, and I’m here to tell you how things have gone for the land of the free and home of the brave:
Terribly
How did the United States get here? Well, I’m not going to explain all of America’s lore here. But you can see the Presidents who presided over the decline, as a treat:
45th President: Donald Trump [R] (2017-2025)
46th President: Sherrod Brown [D] (2025-2029)
47th President: Tom Cotton [R] (2029-2037)
(Past this point, it's all original characters)
48th President: Martin Lawrence [D] (2037-2045), a veteran and relative political novice who ran on withdrawing from Lebanon. Withdraws from NATO which soon becomes defunct, reorients American foreign policy to focus on China. Pays little attention to domestic politics.
49th President: Thomas Randal [R] (2045-2046), A Republican who attempted to shift his party economically left, but was assassinated while campaigning for down ballot republicans in the 2046 midterms.
50th President: Andrew Mitchel [R] (2047-2049) The Vice President of Randal who was sworn in after his death and managed to win the presidency in his own right by milking sympathy from his now deceased running mate. A libertarian leaning politician, any shift on economic policy was scrapped. After winning re-election, a scandal known as “Floodgate” began, and it eventually was uncovered that Mitchel had been taking bribes from Chinese companies to ensure the departments of justice and labour wouldn’t raise a fuss when they violated health and safety standards while operating in the United States. In 2050, matters reached a climax in an impeachment and conviction by the senate.
51st President: Samuel Sanford (2049-2050) [D—-> I——>F]
So you’re probably wondering what on earth [D—-> I——>F] means. It happens that Mitchel’s Vice President, knowing full well that he would be next to be impeached as he was implicated in the Floodgate scandal, resigned while the Senate was voting to convict Mitchel. With no president or Vice President, the Presidency passed to the Democratic Speaker of the house by default, Samuel Sanford. Seeing the horrendous political optics of an impeachment vote that he facilitated in resulting in his own party’s power growing at the expense of the GOP, he quickly announced his departure from the Democratic Party to become an independent.
Soon afterward, he held a press conference, joined by members of the political establishment in both the Democratic and Republican parties to announce the creation of the Federalist Party: a centrist political institution to quell the rising tides of radicalism, and corruption, and heinous violence plaguing America. While the party is split on ideological lines, Sanford called on all who wished to uphold liberal democracy to back his new creation.
There were very few takers. As things stand at game start, both the Democratic and Republican parties have lost their leaders, and the new Federalist Party, while controlling the executive branch and managing to corral members of each party in both houses of Congress to function, they remain deeply unpopular among the public at large, and appear to be set to lose horrendously in the upcoming midterm elections of 2050.
President Sanford can decide that somewhat more drastic measures are required to stave off the illiberal forces trying to change the American way of life. For the 2050 elections will not only determine who controls Congress: it also happens to be a census year, and whoever controls the various state legislatures controls the shape and size of congressional districts. The fate of the House of Representatives is of vital importance, as with the 2052 Presidential Race shaping up to be a 3 way contest between Samuel Sanford and whomever the Democratic and Republican parties nominate, it’s exceedingly likely that no candidate will win an outright majority of the Electoral College, which means that the President will be determined by a majority of state delegations in the House of Representatives.
Of course, the Federalist Party doesn’t have to engage in shenanigans. Additionally, all three parties are capable of achieving a victory in the 2050 midterms. The beginning of the trees for each party to work with and/or antagonize the Sanford Administration can be seen here:
Democrats
Federalists
Republicans
Of course, it should go without saying that if the legally dubious actions of the Federalist Party are discovered by the public at large, there will be dire consequences.
Regardless of who occupies the Whitehouse next, they’re going to have to contend with the increasingly powerful Supreme Court. In an effort to highlight just how important the institution is to the United States in 2050, we’ve opted to create an entirely unique Supreme Court mechanic
The bar on the right shows the current legitimacy of the Supreme Court as an institution. The higher it is, the more respected it is by the public at large. Whenever the court is viewed as legitimate, judges decide cases based on their ideological leanings. All pretensions about impartiality aside, the Supreme Court is a political institution. However when the legitimacy of the Supreme Court falls too low, the Chief Justice might start rallying judges who are similar to him or her ideologically to start deciding cases in ways to preserve the court’s legitimacy, and such efforts may or may not be successful.
Regardless of how the presidential election goes, Sanford will have the opportunity to appoint and nominate a new Chief Justice of the court in 2050. This decision will have extensive repercussions for the rest of the game, so you’ll want to pick carefully.
You will also be able to directly increase or decrease the court’s legitimacy at the cost of political power, , but there’s only so much attack ads and press conferences can accomplish. Should the legitimacy of the court fall enough, you can try to pack the court. Of course, it goes without saying that this sets a dangerous precedent.
And beyond that, the road to 2054 awaits...
But that's for another time. Thank you!

Western Europe (2050-2052)

Hi all! We're Erwin, Michael7123, and Preussenball, and we’re going to discuss the history of Western Europe and the trials and tribulations of it’s two most prominent countries, France and Germany.
Why only Western Europe? Well, keep reading and you’ll understand.
France, Lebanon, and the collapse of NATO:
  1. Lebanon. Tensions between Hezbollah and the government have soured immensely in recent years. When push comes to shove, Hezbollah officially abandons its policy of relative cooperation, declaring an end to the Lebanese state in its current form. This event leads to the kickstarting of the Lebanese civil war, a conflict that draws Europe’s attention in several ways, one of which being that Lebanon is a member of the Good Neighbour Policy. However, despite all this, Europe learned from Iraq and Afghanistan and is unwilling to get it’s hands dirty in Lebanon.
This changes on the 1st of January 2035, a day of national tragedy for France. After the hijacking of a French airplane by a group connected to Hezbollah, the French Airforce had no other choice but to shoot it down before it collided with Palais Bourbon. The death of 102 passengers would spark outrage in Europe and the US, giving then President of the United States Tom Cotton the ammunition he was hoping for. The USA, emboldened by this brazen act of terrorism, convinces a coalition of France and other European nations and Israel to formalize a coalition against Hezbollah, starting the NATO intervention in Lebanon in 2036. The President of France at the time, Chandler Laurent of Les Républicains was among the intervention’s strongest supporters.
While the conflict itself was already terrible, muddied by another refugee crisis in Europe, the intervention wouldn’t be better, as the American nation-building strategy developed after Iraq and Afghanistan simply couldn’t apply to Lebanon. 2037 would see US troops being pulled out of Lebanon shortly after the inauguration of President Lawrence. One by one, other members of the coalition withdrew, and after the USA abruptly withdrew from NATO in the same year, France was left desperately trying to wage a war that, while still popular domestically, was being criticized by the public for not being waged decisively enough, and moreover trying to what was left of NATO together at the same time.
In the end, President Chandler Laurent announced in 2038 that France would be scaling back their involvement in Lebanon to pre-war levels, leaving Lebanon in its current state. Les Républicains found itself sharply divided over the issue, leading to half of the party breaking away in protest to form Voici la France! under the leadership of Antoine Dimont, a liberal conservative.
Laurent resigned as president following a vote of no confidence collapsing his cabinet. In the ensuing snap elections, France brought La France Insoumise, a social democratic party that took the place of the defunct Parti socialiste and briefly held power in the late 2020s. What followed was 10 years of relative stability for France, albeit coupled with their formal withdrawal from NATO, sealing the fate of the organization. In that time, France went on to make rapid progress in the goal of reaching carbon neutrality, and focused on strengthening their domestic economy with a great deal of success- but more on the long term consequences of that later.
However, while the past 10 years were primarily prosperous, voices in France grew called for France to take a more active role on the world stage- and with good reason too, given what befell the European Union mere years after the collapse of NATO. At game start they are governed by a coalition between La République En Marche! And Voici la France! In the National Assembly, with Antoine Dimont in his first term as President, which began in 2048.
France in 2050
Today, we’ll be focusing on President Dimont’s plans of ushering Europe towards a greener future. When most people think of green politics, they imagine youthful activists wearing tie dye shirts, maybe throwing buckets of red paint at CEO’s if they are particularly feisty, but who are otherwise inoffensive and harmless. President Dimont, in contrast, is making the effort to rely on a more environmentally friendly way to bolster French power, prestige, and influence across Europe
And what better way to do that than by going after Gazprom, the Russian Energy giant that serves as an unwanted Russian foothold on the European Energy market. While most of the “Energy War” will be about outstripping Russian Energy production and investing in new energy technologies, you will also have much more… forceful... ways of trying to combat Russia and Gazprom. You can expect to read much more about this once we showcase Russia to you all in an upcoming progress report, but, as an extra treat.
On top of this, the French government wishes to repair the European Union. Why “repair”? I’m glad you asked….
Germany, Greece, and the secession of the East:
As a result of the collapse of NATO in the late 2030s, Germany found itself funding the Bundeswehr more than ever before, and at the time, few complained. It made sense, after all. With NATO gone, Germany could no longer rely upon American benevolence for the protection of Europe. Nobody outside of the political fringe would have predicted that it would need to be used so quickly.
The Greek election of 2040 was not won by one of the traditional parties, nor even a radical fringe party, but by the new Greek Reform Party created 7 months prior to the election by the famous Chinese-Greek businessman Georgi Vidalides. His victory was met with international outrage, as a previous investigation by the Greek government had exposed the party accepting funds from Chinese companies tied with the Chinese Government. Tension between the newly elected Greek government and the European Union would lead to the Greek PM pushing the parliament to leave the European Union outright and reneging on their financial commitments to the economic bloc. The EU declared that Vidalides had acted outside of his democratic mandate by publicly bribing members of parliament and actively ignoring the demands of the Greek high court and was thus guilty of plotting an end to Greek democracy.
Chancellor Lennart Dittrich of the Christlich Demokratische Union (at the time in a coalition with Die Grünen and Freie Demokratische Partei), was not the man people thought would drag Germany into an offensive war. A soft spoken and collegial former journalist, a man who easily could have gone down as a good but forgettable Chancellor was wound up ensuring his name would become mud because viral footage came out of Greek police who brutally arrested an investigative journalist in suspect circumstances. Whilst officially not the event which triggered later events, it was after this fact that Chancellor Dittrich gave a press conference where he vowed that it was time for the European Union to act in order to defend its values.
When the vote on forming a coalition to invade Greece came to the Bundestag, it set off a political firestorm that would shake Germany to its core. In the end, the vote passed by the slimmest of margin, contingent upon dozens of amendments, compromises, and contingent on getting other nations of the EU to support the coalition. Dissent ranged from nearly the entire SPD to defecting conservatives (particularly from the Bavarian CSU).
Once again, the German military was on the march, readying itself to invade foreign soil (even if under an agreeable cause). All of this was met with resounding condemnation from the Visegrád Group and other eastern European members of NATO. And on the day when the first German boots landed on Greek soil, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, and Hungary all announced that they intended to begin the process of leaving the European Union.
But things might have been salvageable up until then. Then everything went to hell when the Old Royal Palace was hit with a bomb that killed most of the Greek government. In a panicked frenzy, the V4 all unilaterally removed themselves from the European union to form their own economic bloc, and were soon followed by a majority of the European Union's member states in Eastern Europe
While the situation of the Union of Visegrad (or colloquially: the Eastern European Union) will be discussed in a later progress report, here is the new face of Europe
While the initial occupation in Greece itself was met with, if not goodwill, than at least not overt hostility by the Greek people, after the deaths of their government, however unpopular, resentment spiked. For the Bundeswehr and other members of the Greek military, the next 4 years were spent trying to suppress terrorists of every shape and size.
And it is ultimately from one of these terrorist attacks, however indirectly, that lead to the complete restructuring of the German political system. It was the rise of Viktor Kapp and his Deutsche Friedenspartei.
And with that, troops started pouring out of Germany as the diplomats started pouring in.
The Coalition of the Roses had one truly grand accomplishment, and that was effectively ending the Greek crisis. But in choosing to work with the DFP, the SPD had legitimated their newest rival. With the collapse of the CDU and the descent of the AfD into deeper and deeper levels of reaction, the DFP managed to present themselves as the big tent party of everyone from the right wing to the center without any of the troubling political baggage of older political movements, while also drawing the support of some on the political left more focused on the effective exercise of state power than about issues of culture (albeit in far smaller numbers).
Yet it was this very blender of ideologies that resulted in the DFP’s increasing popularity, and the creation of a new party at the European level: the Eins Europa Parti, dedicated to the transformation of what remains of the European Union into a single, federal state.
In terms of gameplay, Germany starts in the middle of Kapp’s second term and is thus busy with the promises he has made during the 2049 election. While every issue is important, such as the veteran issue and the growing radicalism among the German youth, the main issue Kapp faces in his second term as chancellor is the Greek question: what is Germany still doing in Greece?
This question is mainly formed by the factionalism of the party between Engels and Denzinger, with Denzinger opting for pulling out of Greece while Engels is worried about the stability of the region and only thinks limited retreat is necessary. These issues are also made more important with the next election in mind. Kapp, Denzinger and Engels are quite worried about the situation as the 2049 election was won by only one seat. However, if the events during the season are anything to go by this election won’t go the same as 2049. If the DFP wins this year’s election by a larger margin than 2049, it will be quite secure in seeking to achieve its goals in the third Kapp government.
On the Future of Europe:
It is a widely acknowledged truth that the current status quo in Europe cannot and will not last, both France and Germany can agree on this. On what direction they should take, on the other hand, the two are divided. France insists that until the schism between East and West is fixed, Europe will always be fragile. In uncertain times, they look to instill Europe with strength and security, and to this end, they propose the European Defense Community.
Germany, meanwhile, looks to perhaps loftier goals. The weakness of Europe shall always be its division, they might argue, and that only through a true political union can their goals be realised. They look to form the EU into a single political entity.
The struggle for influence over Europe take place over ten years of gameplay through our European Struggle GUI. As each country obtains political success, they’ll be able to gain influence points. After every 10 points, they’ll be able to activate the first step of their European reforms.
However, bringing together the myriad states of Europe together will not be a trivial task in the slightest, with each reform stacking the odds against the player further and further…
And should you not be careful, the whole thing might break.

Africa (2050-2052)

2050 will be an important decade for Africa, for more reasons than one. For many countries on the continent, they shall be marking one hundred years since the end of colonialism. A hundred years of independence from the European powers. Many more will be asking themselves, how much better have things gotten?
The answer, as always, is difficult to say.
The 2025 Covid Crash was a brutal period for the African continent. Whilst the disease itself seemingly dealt less damage than some more unprepared western countries, the ensuing financial crash sent a wave of disruption through the continent. Though its effects were varied and myriad, the most important event during this period was the Crisis of the East African Federation, in which the crisis of both health and finances caused a wave of reactionary nationalism to trash negotiations for the unification of the region’s nations into the East African Federation - right as the nations were supposed to be unifying. Whilst the East African Federation soldiered on, it was a sign that the path towards peace for the continent was not guaranteed.
And it didn’t get any better from there.
Over the next 25 years, the African Union would be mired by the growth of three opposing blocks, the Continental African Committee, the Triple Alliance, and the United Front for African Democracy. The coalescence into these blocks was a slow and fully preventable process but by the time the world realised what was happening, the reactions had already begun and mere hindsight could not prevent it. There was no one inciting event which diplomats could’ve talked out but rather a thousand slights, mistakes, and grudges building over fifty years of high tension. Or maybe the roots went back even further than that?
To the west, the United Front for African Democracy was pitched as the battle against Chinese influence in the region, though this seems… tenuous at best. To the east, the Continental African Committee was pitched as the final battle against neo-colonialism but is accused of simply being one appendage of Chinese power. The only group which can truly call itself free from influence is the Triple Alliance, although the group is rather dysfunctional, and critics point to tensions over Triple Alliance sponsored plundering in the Eastern DRC as the only reason why the three nations have not joined the UFAD.
But, at the dawn of 2050 at least, it does not appear as though the blocks will ever achieve much, other than pointless bickering.
That is until the death of Nnamdi Christian.
A Left-Wing Nigerian firebrand, Nnamdi Christian is the rising star of Nigerian politics. A young man who challenges the corrupt, decaying establishment of the oil-rich nation. On the back of massive wealth inequality, concerns about climate change, and a two party system which is practically an oligarchy, Nnamdi Christian seems set to achieve the seemingly impossible and win the 2051 Nigerian Elections.
This changes very quickly.
The botched assassination not only captures the attention of an outraged Nigerian general public but every African on the continent, fed up with a status quo that seems to insist on screwing them over. On election day, the entire world is watching.
As the oligarchy overplays its hand, the results of this election are all the continent needs to let the dominoes fall.
By the summer of 2052, this period has taken on a new name: The Summer of Revolutions.
This continental shift in politics is wild and impossible to control, shattering the status quo, with no regime in Africa being beyond its grasp. It seems to be a period of genuine change for the better. However, there is an old saying: The road to hell is paved with good intentions.
For Africa, 2052 is only the beginning.

The Future

And now we reach the end of the first progress report, though we have barely begun to scratch the surface of the world of Chaos in Diversity.
It is a world which has been irrevocably changed, a world of isolation, and apathy. So here is just a small taste of the flavour events. There were many nations which, though we wanted to fit them in the PR, we simply did not have the space. We have a standoff in Britain, a crisis in India, droughts in Poland, and more than I could even fit into a singular run-on sentence!
But something tells me that next time, we’ll be looking at Italy and... Oh dear.
Thank you!
If you enjoyed reading this and want to know more, the best place to look is almost certainly our discord, where we regularly post teasers, updates, and you can ask the mod team your questions!
And if you can write, make GFX, or code, please do not hesitate to make an application to join the team!
Goodbye and let us pray that the future is brighter than this one!
submitted by Chibihammer to CiD_Mod [link] [comments]

In Defense of China Dovish re Economic Matters

I want to give support to the Economic China Doves on this sub. While everyone agrees that Chinese military aggression is unacceptable, there is also a hawkishness on economic matters that is misguided. I want to push back against it.
TL;DR: China is a strategic competitor with the West, not an enemy. The tone in the west has definitely entered the "enemy" camp, which is self-fulfilling and dangerous.
DISCLAIMER: I am not a China shill NOR AM I ARGUING FOR COMPLACENCY. We have to do more to confront them, but our strategy should match the problem.

The China Threat

China is doing a few worrisome things. No, human rights violations don't matter. I'm sorry to get this sub's panties in a twist but countries don't care about human rights except as a veneer for strategic concerns. Yes it's a good idea to punish China for the Uyghurs (even though we've known about it for years and India is simultaneously shitting on its Muslim population while we keep mum) but it's also just an excuse for us to do something aggressive (like how we sanction Russia on Crimea even though we know we're never getting it back).
Okay so what is China doing that actually matters?
How is China Doing This?

China's Obstacles

China also has some big problems that should be exploited:
I really want to stress here that the reason US strategists examine China in terms of strategic rings around the country (and why China is building islands outward) is because China needs to break past these successive barriers to become a super-power. Each of these barriers are trip-wires that can easily lead to--not just conflict--but super-power war. The ultimate end game for China is Japan: Japan is still a proud, racist country with an awesome navy and vast wealth, and China gaining control of the East China Sea is an existential threat for Japan who will instantly go nuclear to prevent this.

How the World Should Respond: Militarily

In short, the real concern about China's ascendancy is militarily oriented, which needs to be completely separated from its ideological/economic/HR activities, which people have dangerously conflated. For example, this stuff is not okay:
The response to this is for the US, Japan, and maybe India/small Asianic countries to strengthen and position their navies in such a way as to deter China AND FORCE THEM INTO SOFT POWER ACTIONS. This is the crux of my argument and one I wish people would internalize: the rest of what China does is relatively okay, and should be competed with while making it clear that their military endeavors are what's unacceptable.

How the World Should Respond: Soft Power

None of the above warrants military action, increased hostility (which is rampant), or blanket sanctions. It all begs for simple old-fashion diplomacy, aside from the military matters referenced before. China does not deserve to be seen as anywhere near where the USSR was in terms of a peer-threat, and the fact that it's become a boogieman is just simple fearmongering. To the extent it's trying to become a regional hegemon, we respond military action with like, and economic/human rights actions with diplomacy and targeted sanctions. Stuff like this, which is advocated on this sub always with positive up-votes, is wrong and dangerous:

Conclusion

Stuff like the trade war, which Biden will likely not dial down because it's popular, is just squeezing China for the sake of pain. Policies similar to it, where there's no realistic behavioral change from China and is just meant to put the brakes on their rise, will push them towards military build-up quicker and make our two countries more hostile towards each-other. China can still be guided into being a responsible stakeholder, but the answer is firmer guard-rails, not scattered and barbed speed bumps.
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Google Play Fake Reviews: Why is Google allowing this?

I've stopped purchasing on the Playstore and I stay away from it now because
  1. Google Play allows app developers to pay people to leave positive reviews (developers use Micro Jobs to do this. Despite it being against their policy.
How do I know this? Because I used to do Micro Jobs 6 odd years ago when I was bored at home..there are a LOT of micro jobs for leaving fake reviews. How it works? Theres a big list of jobs you can choose to do, IE proof read this article, download this app and come back and tell me in 120 words what you think, leave comments on selected YouTube videos, upvote YouTube videos, download an app from the Playstore and leave a 5 star reviews that says "X=Y", go to this website and click this link...ect.
  1. Google Play is allowing tons and tons off apps that are potentially dangerous to the user or are known to be dangerous to the user multimine
check out the reviews, again inundated with fake 5 star reviews and not a single real review about the app actually paying out, so what is the app collecting and sending from your phone? The developmers have the same tactic which you can see in the reviews. They pretend that you're mining ETH/BTC and not a single real person has gotten paid and the BTC that people do mine, it disappears all the time so people cannot get enough to withdraw, it's all wirtten in black and white in the reviews.
Pi Network
this has been proven time and time again to be a scam , just have a look through reddit
World News: Breaking News, All in One Feed Reader
This app developer is extremely dodgy and rude ( I've got an email trail with him). His app has gambling links in it and when you open the app a full screen ads pops up advertising his gambling website, without being able to get rid of it till its done. It is a paid app that has no ads. But it does ;) he specifically makes sure there isn't ads in this version because it's the paid version. The free has ads...but* now he's changed his Playstore app page to 'contains ads'. It doesn't contain ads from his AdSense account..he uses his own in app ads (code) to advertise his gambling website to everyone from kids up. The website is also a legitimate scam. ( I've written to Google extensively about this guy and forwarded our emails to Google as well as all the proof, Google said they'd look into it and months later they struck his app down, but only the paid one..then a few days later, he's got his app back up. He just needed to change a few backend code to comply with Google....thing is, he hasn't changed anything! His full screen ad to his scam gambling website are still all there. And who knows what his apps even sniffing out*
PHT cloud earning
This one is a scam that's collecting your data and promising kids a rich future in their fake crypto currency
Fair Go Pokies online
This is an actual gambling app that's rated for 3 year olds. I have reported it many times for months, other people have aswel, yet Google seem think Gambling apps are fine for 3+ year olds, Google have been informed about this but Google WILL NOT enforce their own policies on its developmers which is harming kids and our privacy
This is just a few off the top of my head. All these apps have extremely concerning reviews. Also all the positive reviews are all extremely fake.
How do I know they're fake? Well like I said earlier, I used to do Micro Jobs and it's full of jobs asking to leave positive reviews on their Google Play store app. If you have a look at the positive reviews in every single one of the apps I posted, you will see that all the positive reviews are exactly the same (minus a few purposefully placed grammatical and spelling errors), all say the exact same thing pretty much and look how people post the same emojis along with very similar, almost word for word reviews.
I've reported the reviews many times on these apps. And none of the obvious fake reviews have ever been removed. I believe Google to have given up on the Playstore all together. There is like 80/20 of apps that are very suspicious or are definitely fake and scans 80% Then there's 20% of real apps.
I have checked a lot of the developers out over the course of my research into this and found that most 90+% of these apps come from Asia, specifically India. Nothing against India the country, but the people are absolutely appallingly when it comes to scams. We all know that Indians are the biggest scammers, so why isn't Google doing anything about these apps? And why isn't Google doing anything about the massive amount of Indian scammers on their Playstore, let alone all the other people who are posting useless apps that aren't tested. Google is more interested in bringing in the developer fees rather than the community who buys the apps.
Most of the kids games are literal gambling apps by definition. All these free games that are not games, but money printing machines for the Devs. Put out a free app and then make it near impossible to continue after level 10 unless you pay massive prices for coins and such. Today's kids are having their gaming experience ruined by greed and their childhoods taken away from them unless they pay to progress. Do I think kids should just play games all day? No, I believe they should play outside and explore the dirt. But as a gamer myself, I believe kids should be allowed to spend hours playing video games too. When I was a kid, I'd play donkey Kong country for hrs and no paywalls to continu
I used to run my own online business a few years ago now and I used to market through Google ads, this opened me up to a magnitude of scams from Indians. Every single day I could guarantee I would have one cold call me, claiming to work for Google, wanting me to sign up through their marketing platform. Which kind you again, they claim they're working with Google.
1 of those calls was an actual person working for Google... Well actually he didn't work for Google, although his email signature says he does, he says he does and his company says they do. However, they are working contracted to Google. What they really are is just a call centre in India, that Google has outsourced their Adsense to. I confirmed he was a 'google partner' by checking out his partner id against Google's partner id check.( this is just way of saying they're a telemarketer that's contracted by Google to bring in sales to their Adsense.)
This guy wouldn't leave me alone, called me 3 times a day to try get me to put more money into my marketing, then he wanted to take over my account so he could manage it...this guy was full on trying to rob me of every cent I had. (He didn't get anything)
Every day/week the Playstore top 10 is the exact same apps. Intact they really haven't changed in a couple years. Google's Editors favourite apps, is always only ever the same apps that have paid to be Google's Editors favourite.
I left apple 8 years ago for Android...loved it! But today I feel like my expensive phone is an expensive spam farm because Google have drop the ball. I feel I miss apples clean look and lack of rubbish. Their app store is dynamically changing. I don't want to go back to apple cause their phones suck..but I'd rather an iPhone right now than be inundated with rubbish apps and nothing but fake review after fake review.
Google doesnt care about the Playstore and that's evident by my evidence in this post.
Google has allowed for almost a year now, for this one specific Gambling app aimed at kids, to exist on their store. The store is full of apps that are completely useless and apps that are so bad, they shouldn't have even been able to make it on to the playstore.
Just look at this what sort of app store is this when it allows crap like this.
Why am I writing this?
Because I'm done working for free for Google, doing a job they should be doing. But nothing I do changes anything, no matter how much you report, Google doesn't do anything. So I'm hoping maybe someone will see this and sort this shit out. Why not even have an algorithm that flags an app as a potential risk automatically when it's received X amount of 3 and blow star reviews ÷ the amount of downloads. When an all flags, you can check it out, this would solve the mass amounts of reports because you won't be having to sift through them, you'll just need to check the app out that's got flagged.
I know this is super long, it's so long that I cbf writing a TLDR because I believe it needs to be read as a whole.
And fix the top apps..how is there two QR readers in the top 8? How TF is Australia Post app in the top 20?
And Service NSW #1? 🤣
how TF is this even in the top 50 when it's rating is 1.8 stars
Why arent apps like these ones in the top ever? fuel meter
Motion Ninja
My Budget Book
Soul Browser
Pulse Messenger
Simpan
Easy Join
aCalander
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combating plagiarism through NCT lyrics: episode 1 | "The Fluidity of the Stock Market" - Regular

Note: you can also view this paper through Google Docs or email me at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) for the Word document. Feel free to use this however you'd like, including reposting on other social media as long as you leave a comment with a link to the post. I am not liable for the consequences of your actions :)

------------------------

Running head: FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 1

The Fluidity of the Stock Market
Klaunn N. Setacense
Department of Witticism, NeoCulture Technological Institute
BS105: The Literary Art of Constructing Arguments of Absurdity
Dr. Tyler Lee
April 1, 2020


FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 2
Table of Contents
Abstract................................................................................................................................3
The Fluidity of the Stock Market ........................................................................................4
Stock Exchange ...................................................................................................................4
Market Participant ...........................................................................................................5
History. ........................................................................................................................7
References .........................................................................................................................12


FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 3
Abstract
Stock exchange has a network of computers where trades are made electronically. Their buy or sell orders may be executed on their behalf by a stock exchange trader. The Paris Bourse, now part of Euronext, is an order-driven, electronic stock exchange. Many large companies have their stocks listed on a stock exchange. The process is similar to the New York Stock Exchange. A stock exchange is an exchange where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell shares, bonds, and other securities. Investment in the stock market is most often done via stockbrokerages and electronic trading platforms. Stockbrokers met on the trading floor of the Palais Brongniart. This method is used in some stock exchanges and commodities exchanges, and involves traders shouting bid and offer prices.
Keywords: stock, exchange, market, trading, price, securities, investors, traded, trade
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 4
The Fluidity of the Stock Market
A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks, which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are domiciled in Switzerland and traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange, so they may be considered as part of the Swiss stock market, although the stocks may also be traded on exchanges in other countries, for example, as American depositary receipts on “Diamonds on my neck. The source of light revolves around me (Let's go!) You gon’ hold up, hold up, hold up for a real one” (Dejun Xiao & Sicheng Dong, 2019). The total market capitalization of equity backed securities worldwide rose from US$2.5 trillion in 1980 to US$68.65 trillion at the end of 2018. As of December 31, 2019, the total market capitalization of all stocks worldwide was approximately US$70.75 trillion.
Stock Exchange
Many large companies have their stocks listed on a stock exchange. This makes the stock more liquid and thus more attractive to many investors. The exchange may also act as a guarantor of settlement. These and other stocks may also be traded "Yeah, pull up in the Jag. Haters gon' be mad” (Taeyong Lee, 2018). Some large companies will have their stock listed on more than one exchange in different countries, so as to attract international investors. Stock exchanges may also cover other types of securities, such as fixed-interest securities or derivatives, which are more likely to be traded OTC. The New York Stock Exchange is a physical exchange, with a hybrid market for placing orders electronically from any location as well as on the trading floor. Orders executed on the trading floor enter by way of exchange

FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 5
members and flow down to a floor broker, who submits the order electronically to the floor trading post for the Designated market maker for that stock to trade the order.
The DMM's job is to maintain a two-sided market, making orders to buy and sell the security when there are no other buyers or sellers. If a bid–ask spread exists, no trade immediately takes place – in this case the DMM may use their own resources to close the difference. Once a trade has been made, the details are reported on the "Diamonds drippin' better bring your raincoat (Splash)" and sent back to the brokerage firm, which then notifies the investor who placed the order (Jung-woo Kim, 2018). Computers play an important role, especially for program trading. The NASDAQ is an electronic exchange, where all of the trading is done over a computer network.
The process is similar to the New York Stock Exchange. One or more NASDAQ market makers will always provide a bid and ask the price at which they will always purchase or sell 'their' stock. The Paris Bourse, now part of Euronext, is an order-driven, electronic stock exchange. It was automated in the late 1980s. Prior to the 1980s, it consisted of an open outcry exchange. Stockbrokers met on the trading floor of the Palais Brongniart. In 1986, the CATS trading system was introduced, and the order matching system was fully automated. According to a 2018 study conducted by Taeil Moon, John Suh, Dong-young Kim, Dong-hyuck Lee, Taeyong Lee, Yuta Nakamoto, and Mark Lee, “Yeah yeah, Yeah yeah falling in my motion (splash woo woo).” People trading stock will prefer to trade on the most popular exchange since this gives the largest number of potential counter parties and probably the best price.
Market Participant
Market participants include individual retail investors, institutional investors, and also publicly traded corporations trading in their own shares. Robo-advisors, which automate
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 6
investment for individuals are also major participants. Demographics of market participation Indirect vs. Direct Investment Indirect investment involves owning shares indirectly, such as via a mutual fund or an exchange traded fund. Direct investment involves direct ownership of shares. Direct ownership of stock by individuals rose slightly from 17.8% in 1992 to 17.9% in 2007, with the median value of these holdings rising from $14,778 to $17,000. “I'm so clean so fresh. Jomyeong bichwo teotteulyeo flash. Diamonds on my neck. Boda naega bichnage. You gon’ hold up hold up hold up. For a real one (real one)” (Dong-hyuck Lee, Sicheng Dong). Indirect participation in the form of retirement accounts rose from 39.3% in 1992 to 52.6% in 2007, with the median value of these accounts more than doubling from $22,000 to $45,000 in that time.
Rates of participation and the value of holdings differ significantly across strata of income. In the bottom quintile of income, 5.5% of households directly own stock and 10.7% hold stocks indirectly in the form of retirement accounts. “VVS my diamonds, I don't need no light to shine. Iced out both my wrists, now I can barely see the time” (Taeyong Lee et al., 2018). Since the Great Recession of 2008 households in the bottom half of the income distribution have lessened their participation rate both directly and indirectly from 53.2% in 2007 to 48.8% in 2013, while over the same period households in the top decile of the income distribution slightly increased participation 91.7% to 92.1%.
Participation rates have been shown to strongly correlate with education levels, promoting the hypothesis that information and transaction costs of market participation are better absorbed by more educated households. Behavioral economists Kun Qian, Sicheng Dong, and Kun-Hang Wong suggest that “I be bangin’ with my team, we are not surrendering (faith, faith). We lead the direction that light flows, in the street oh (splash).” Their research indicates that social individuals living in states with higher than average participation rates are 5% more likely
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 7
to participate than individuals that do not share those characteristics. This phenomenon also explained in cost terms. Knowledge of market functioning diffuses through communities and consequently lowers transaction costs associated with investing.
History. In 12th-century France, the courtiers de change were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of the banks. Because these men also traded with debts, they could be called the first brokers. According to these men, “Setting out to the end of the clouds. Being looked up at makes me a star (Oh yeah, yeah, yeah). So fly, so hot, focusing on point, we touch the sky, we're born to be great. Envy me however you want, I did it all by myself (uh)” (Yangyang Liu et al., 2019). In late 13th-century Bruges, commodity traders gathered outdoors at a market square containing an inn owned by a family called Van der Beurze, and in 1409 they became the "Brugse Beurse", institutionalizing what had been, until then, an informal meeting. The idea quickly spread around Flanders and neighboring countries and "Beurzen" soon opened in Ghent and Rotterdam.
In the middle of the 13th century, Venetian bankers began to trade in government securities. In 1351 the Venetian government outlawed spreading rumors intended to lower the price of government funds. Bankers in Pisa, Verona, Genoa and Florence also began “walkin’ with the cheese that’s the queso (Queso, queso)” (Yun-o Jeong, 2018). This was only possible because these were independent city-states not ruled by a duke but a council of influential citizens. Italian companies were also the first to issue shares. Companies in England and the Low Countries followed in the 16th century. Around this time, a joint stock company—one whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders—emerged and became important for colonization of what Europeans called the "New World".
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 8
Birth of formal stock markets In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch pioneered several financial innovations that helped lay the foundations of the modern financial system. While the Italian city-states produced the first transferable government bonds, they did not develop the other ingredient necessary to produce a fully-fledged capital market: the stock market. In the early 1600s the Dutch East India Company became the first company in history to issue bonds and shares of stock to the general public. As a historian notes, " Hoppin' out casket-fresh. Looking like a fashion show, ayy. Diamonds on my neck. Looking like a water show, ayy. Let's go. She gon' bust it, bust it, bust it. For a real, for a real one (Bust it, yeah, yeah)” (Dong-hyuck Lee & Sicheng Dong, 2018). The Dutch East India Company was also the first joint-stock company to get a fixed capital stock and as a result, continuous trade in company stock occurred on the Amsterdam Exchange.
Soon thereafter, a lively trade in various derivatives, among which options and repos, emerged on the Amsterdam market. Dutch traders also pioneered short selling – a practice which was banned by the Dutch authorities as early as 1610. Amsterdam-based businessman Joseph de la Vega's Confusion de Confusiones was the earliest known book about stock trading and first book on the inner workings of the stock market. “Multicolored diamonds like the rainbow (Yeah, yeah, yeah). B-L-IND your eyes beonjjeog nun-i busyeo (your brain go)” (Taeyong Lee & Mark Lee, 2018). There are now stock markets in virtually every developed and most developing economies, with the world's largest markets being in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, India, China, Canada, Germany, France, South Korea and the Netherlands.
Function and Purpose. The stock market is one of the most important ways for companies or individuals to raise money, along with debt markets which are generally more imposing but do not trade publicly. This allows businesses to be publicly traded and raise
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 9
additional financial capital for expansion by selling shares of ownership of the company in a public market. The liquidity that an exchange affords the investors enables their holders to quickly and easily sell securities. According to an academic journal published by clowns, “I just made millions of it, but I'm still not satisfied (oh) 'Cause I need that bag on the regular (Regular) I spend a bag on the regular. We make the world go (Brra). My bank account go. We make the world go (Skrrt, brra). Dinero, peso, yen, yo quiero, I want it (Woo, woo)” (Taeyong Lee et al., 2018). This is an attractive feature of investing in stocks, compared to other less liquid investments such as property and other immoveable assets. History has shown that the price of stocks and other assets is an important part of the dynamics of economic activity and can influence or be an indicator of social mood.
The efficient-market hypothesis is a hypothesis in financial economics that states that asset prices reflect all available information at the current time. The 'hard' efficient-market hypothesis does not explain the cause of events such as the crash in 1987, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted 22.6 percent—the largest-ever one-day fall in the United States. This event demonstrated that share prices can fall dramatically even though no generally agreed upon definite cause has been found. A thorough search failed to detect any 'reasonable' development that might have accounted for the crash. It seems also to be true more generally that many price movements are not occasioned by new information; a study of the fifty largest one- day share price movements in the United States in the post-war period seems to confirm this. Other research has shown that “And now we in a ‘zone.’ Working hard, touching stones to become gold” (Dejun Xiao & Kun Qian, 2019). Psychological research has demonstrated that people are predisposed to 'seeing' patterns, and often will perceive a pattern in what is, in fact, just noise, e.g. seeing familiar shapes in clouds or ink blots. In the present context, this means
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 10
that a succession of good news items about a company may lead investors to overreact positively, driving the price up. A period of good returns also boosts the investors' self- confidence, reducing their risk threshold.
Another phenomenon—also from psychology—that works against an objective assessment is group thinking. As social animals, it is not easy to stick to an opinion that differs markedly from that of a majority of the group. An example with which one may be familiar is the reluctance to enter a restaurant that is empty; people generally prefer to have their opinion validated by those of others in the group. In one paper the authors draw an analogy with gambling. In normal times the market behaves like a game of roulette; the probabilities are known and largely independent of the investment decisions of the different players. In times of market stress, however, the game becomes more like poker. “Crib came with a gate and a code (Yeah, yeah, yeah). Yeah, yeah, drippin', water faucet (Splash)” (Jungwoo Kim et al., 2018). The players now must give heavy weight to the psychology of other investors and how they are likely to react psychologically. In the period running up to the 1987 crash, less than 1 percent of the analysts' recommendations had been to sell. In the run-up to 2000, the media amplified the general euphoria, with reports of rapidly rising share prices and the notion that large sums of money could be quickly earned in the so-called new economy stock market.
Macroeconomic trends include such as changes in GDP, unemployment rates, national income, price indices, output, consumption, unemployment, inflation, saving, investment, energy, international trade, immigration, productivity, aging populations, innovations, international finance. increasing corporate profit, increasing profit margins, higher concentration of business, lower company income, less vigorous activity, less progress, lower investment rates, lower productivity growth, less employee share of corporate revenues, decreasing Worker to
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET 11
Beneficiary ratio, increasing female to male ratio college graduates. Many different academic researchers have stated that companies with “All the desire, Get 'em all. Break down the excessive excitement, buzz. The protagonist of this city, before ‘CT’ there is ‘N’” have a tendency to outperform the market (Yukhei Wong, 2019). Research has shown that mid-sized companies outperform large cap companies, and smaller companies have higher returns historically.
FLUIDITY OF THE STOCK MARKET

12
References
Lee, T., Moon , T., Suh, J., Nakamoto, Y., Kim , D. Y., Jeong, Y.-o, ... Dong , S. (2018). NCT
#127 Regular-Irregular [Romanized]. Regular, 1(27), 1–1. https://bit.ly/36u9SesLee, T., Moon , T., Suh, J., Nakamoto, Y., Kim , D. Y., Jeong, Y.-o, ... Dong , S. (2018). NCT
#127 Regular-Irregular. Regular English Version, 1(27), 1–1. https://bit.ly/39B6FvF
Qian, K., Dong, S., Wong, Y., Leechaiyapornkul, C., Wong, K.-H., Liu, Y., & Xiao, D. (2019). WayV - 无翼而飞 (Take Off) (English Translation). WayV - 理所当然 (Regular), 1(1), 1– 1. https://bit.ly/3tcVb9z
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Netflix's "Best of Stand-Up 2020" Reviewed

Jerry Seinfeld - I can't help but imagine the comedians who actually go out there and are truly killing it in the game at every level clenching their teeth at delivery and the touch-and-go writing quality of this absolute legend in comedy show business. His body of work speaks to itself, and it's hard to know why he seemed determined to re-prove his worth by doing something that he didn't need to. And while this type of thinking may say more about me than of his professional style, I did get quite tickled at the idea of the International viewers outside the United States struggling to understand what a "death-row inmate last meal at an all-you-can-eat buffet" is, or would even look like, and for that, the first 2 minutes of the special are worth it.
You can skip to minute 4 if you count yourself among the living.
Taylor Tomlinson - Plenty of critics might say she got too much too early with her career, but I think that type of critique is born of jealousy. I naturally second her praises and second-guess her critics, because she puts in the work, and it shows. Is she a prodigy? No. Is she on her way to eclipse those twice her age? In ways that would confuse even a flat-Earther.
Let me be the first to say, doing woke comedy is easy, but doing it well is hard, and she bridges that gap with layers that any fan of comedy can appreciate and understand immediately. The nuance of Facebook being the medium of dim wit, occupied by people we all know, and cutting with left-wing perspective can make anyone an instant fan even before her smart misdirect before taking us into a bit that requires just a bit of trust from the audience that she earned in spades the moment earlier. If I would give a note at all, I'd say it was a bit rushed, but true to the special's title, the white-knuckle cadence works to her target audience: people her own age.
If only she had stopped there, she takes us on a low-brow tour of a woman's perspective of other women's lives and their casual disdain for men in general that passes for fun, but can easily leave a careful listener wondering whether it was just a joke that missed the mark or some echo of a mean spirit on the keyboard or notepad of a moment soon after a failed relationship.
And to be as fair as I can, men get away with murder in comedy when bringing up the fairer sex. I've been a new fan of comedy for the last 4 years now, and I won't pretend I know the rate of exchange between who says what and how or why it's different, but male comedians joke about rape, mostly because men joke about rape with one another in their private lives without ill will. Women have the type of disdain and contempt for useless men that Taylor jokes about regularly, and certainly with more regularity than actual rape happens. So, while I think she made a painful situation funny with skill, wit, and timing, I hope she does better with it on her next go at it.
Without defending myself too much on the point, I'll just say treating men badly by itself isn't any more funny than rape is by itself.
Tom Segura - It really would take me far too much time and effort to explain how well he does everything and why it works, and it would be even harder for me to be a believable critic. What I'll do instead, in the spirit of the new year, is to just say why I think Tom has found his true calling. After all of his decades of skill building and sharpening comic chops and stepping over his mistakes in stride on his way to one of the top 10 - some would say top 5 - comics in the world, he speaks to us like we're all adults. He respects us as much as he should, and when he disrespects us, we don't lose an ounce of respect for him. He has become an admirable person who happens to be funny. He's a little too jaded, a little too blue, a lot of cynical, but he lets us believe it in a way that allows us to consider him "one of us", even if he would hate our guts if we were in the same room.
The bit Netflix chose from this special is one he has remastered time and time again about "people he hates", but he does it with fresh and relatable context while still managing to be unexpected with his word choice that welcomes everyone to his storytelling style. It can come off as "written" after the second or third viewing, but I would be guilty of nit-picking if I said anything more on that point.
And, honestly, the ways he seems to fit in poking fun at the mentally handicapped without using any of their banned words, with a wink and a nod, edges on a sinful fan-boy word, "genius".
Jack Whitehall - I do my best to rate comics on how funny they are, but it bears mentioning that this is one of the UK's best. He might not roll off the tongue in a "top" list, but what Jack does is use all the tools comedians are allowed to get his points across, and that is worth the money people pay to be entertained.
Glazing over the feigned rage, the feigned intensity of the mundane, the annoyingly blue eyes, and the unnecessary, or at least overly exaggerated, physical comedy, he catches the audience up with strong voice inflection to make his storytelling work. (Not everyone can be Dave Chappelle, people).
The true currency of stand-up is premises, and he's got one, so I'm just glad he finished repeating it; there certainly is too much milk, Jack.
Michelle Buteau - Immediately, with her featured bit, she said something so powerfully relatable that I wished I was a member of her family just to hear the kinds of things she says off camera.
She delivered every inch of the material with the confidence not of someone who wrote it, but someone who lived it, and that is, at its core, the soul of comedy. I believe every word she says, because she dispels all disbelief in her delivery, smart premises, and well-machined tools.
I can tell you on behalf of all government workers out there, she is prime real estate.
Bert Kreischer - Self deprecation comes easier to some, but not more easily than it comes to Bert. He uses what works, and that has been his career to this day. And it still works.
Lately, leaning on family material while still trying to remain edgy does seem forced. Not because it doesn't work; he still applies the culmination of decades in show business, road time, and professional relationships that would make anyone blink, though it can make us wonder if he's not stepping out of his lane. In the sense that he is technically a father, it's still a hard sell to imagine him being good for his children, which is distracting from the comedy he has been fostering lately.
As an audience, we don't want to feel bad for his children, but we do. He is an amazing amalgamation of comic gold, but shining his children in the spotlight may have been a mistake.
All of us can be guilty of what the Internet calls "concern trolling", but I don't think I'm rising to that level just yet. I'm talking about what is likely a real-life story that he's leveraging for material - pretty standard. But, Bert seems unashamed to show us the parts of him that makes him regret being a father. While honesty gets you the world in comedy, it can also get you cancelled as we well know. And while Bert will not get cancelled for having remorse, he won't be doing himself any favors until he shows us growth. No one wants to see a man go to his grave being a bad father, no matter how successful or funny he can be.
One of his gifts is that he does allow an audience to care about him, and about his well being, but that also opens the door to a vulnerability in his act over time.
He has cultivated the man-child image for long enough for his audience to understand an evolution ought to take place. We've had Dane Cook, Bert; we don't need a "better Dane Cook", we need a better Bert.
But, we all know that's not going to happen, so I will say this as a note, sometimes Bert writes above his target audience's head, and kudos to the editors for letting them land flat live to give the rest of us a little something extra to chuckle about.
Jo Koy - [Glenn Herbert] may be the most human comedian in lived memory. There are competitors for top position, for sure, but if I'm being completely honest, the more commercialized names that come to mind just don't have the full measure of the human condition in the same ways Jo does; (I'm looking at you Mike B. and Neal B.)
I would encourage anyone who doesn't believe me to catch him on podcasts, interviews, hell, even a Sam Adams commercial if you don't believe me. We are all better to know he is among us (no sus; safe).
I do need to say his comedy is not for me, so any notes I'd give would be [sus]. (Sorry, no more Among Us references). Great timing, great storytelling, clearly knows his audience. Don't skip these minutes, if only to see someone more human than you.
Truly great immigrant story that anyone can appreciate.
Donnell Rawlings Racial comedy done right. Undeniably a master at swinging for the fences with outrageous premises and doubling down. In the running as one of the best hustlers in the mix of unabashed and potent comedians who can break an audience with raw comedy. The most rigid of casual comedy fans can be captivated by these two minutes and taken for a ride against their will, even with a vicious redirection, you're strapped in for the experience.
The only thing I'm left wanting is more Donnelle and fewer tags. He tags premises until there's nothing left, and sometimes that's the right thing to do to a bit, especially when it's fresh, but if I could wish out loud, I would say I wish Donnelle would give us more.
While punching up at white people may seem like low hanging fruit, Donnelle does it in a way that only Donnelle can do, and he's not afraid to get us on board by stepping on [brown/black] toes to get there.
Jim Jefferies - If there's one thing Jim Jefferies has done with his entire life, it's that he has made us believe he is a man. Behind the clever writing, behind the outstanding life stories and perspectives on relatable experience, behind colorful language and attitudes, he did the Daniel Tosh career move of "pick a gender to entertain". And he did it well.
What strikes me is how effortlessly he charms us back into that otherwise banal lane. The way Tom Segura can wink and nod at us to punch up a joke, Jim can use his voice to let us know that he knows that he's being a piece of shit merely with inflection alone. Yet, he does this while hinting he's a self-aware piece of shit who is hilarious, and we can't ask for anything more than that.
What he sneaks into this short bit is that he has figured out how to be a piece of shit and bring women along for the fun, and this is a decent showcasing of that, even though he has done this very thing just as well and better in recent years.
I don't know anyone I've met who hasn't laughed at Jim Jefferies' material at least once, and all he does here is tell us that women take too long and he thinks he's good looking better than anyone else in the business.
Nikki Glaser - I don't know anyone like Nikki in real life, but where she might not occupy space in our personal lives, she captures our imagination at how a glamorous over-the-top single woman thinks and behaves, and the charm that comes with that is difficult to describe.
It could be the years of work she has put in as a comic, the years of discipline in keeping a Hollywood figure, the passion with which she delivers everything she takes on stage, but whatever the cause, the effect is clear: everyone's eyes open a bit wider and their eyebrows go up when she works.
One of the regular compliments she gets is her timing. She works when she's up there. The audience goes at her pace, and she makes them keep up. That's true professionalism. She gives an audience what they came for, but then she taps their own potential for entertainment beyond what they thought they were going to get.
Many female comics who don't do well often complain about male comics getting laughs about sex, crude humor, or just "wet" comedy in general, but those comics either haven't seen Nikki or wish she wasn't raising the bar for them. She does what she does so well that I would skip to her showcased bit here just to prove to someone she's legit, and all it includes is blowjobs, loneliness, and social media.
George Lopez - This legend delivers comedy like his life depends on it. No wasted movement, no "fat" on his act (just watch the bit). His ability to capture everyone through each layer of his bits is what will guarantee him a legacy among the greatest comedians to entertain us.
He gives us a window into older generations suitable for all ages. What parents today would blanch at was commonplace, and his reminders that tough parenting was how you got things done back in his day make even the youngest of us wistful in thought about what life might have been like beyond his short stories.
Sam Jay - Very, very strong premise showing a lot of potential for greatness and a long career. The freshness of privatized space tech with her perspective and attitude is a welcome change to the oddness and real confusion 2020 brought into the world. However, when she pointed out that white men still don't know what racism is, I was on board, but how she decided to do it almost certainly her audience. As an older millennial she should know better, but with her career going the way it is, she will do better and I look forward to what she does in 2021.
And if you need some qualification for that, I can break it down. She swung at white men, hard -- all white men. But, she used a white man from Africa. A man more African, geographically, than her. She basically used an atypical African-American man to say white people suck, and then she used that solid premise to sell an average self-deprecating joke: I don't dream of big things because I'm a victim. Woke comedy can be done better and is done better, but using white people is a crutch unless you apply a modicum of nuance. Something she will hopefully learn if she wants to become one of the greats. (Yes; that's an absolute dig against Chelsea Peretti, and I hope she reads this small poke in her eye)
Marc Maron - Marc Maron is to comedy what I would be to music if I started playing an instrument that I just thought sounded good. Would it be music? Yes. Is this comedy? Technically. Did anyone need to pay money to see it? crickets
A bit about turmeric with a Jewish skepticism may be someone's cup of tea, but even that anglo-saxon qualification relates to more people than this bit.
Kevin Hart - I honestly don't know what happen to Kevin. He is raw talent. He has an amazing body of work in such a short amount of time that his name in comedy is synonymous with wild success. If I was brought on as some third-party consultant, I wouldn't have put my foot down, but I would have asked the meaningful question, "are you sure you want to release this special?" -- Like, this year? -- "No, I mean, ever."
He probably has pressure to come up with family-friendly material, but stand-up is not for kids, as far as I'm concerned. Rent a clown. But, maybe that's his new face? I just don't know.
Translating multi-million dollar fame and fortune to store greeters is just such a disappointing stretch that it's truly hard to know who is watching this. There's not even a way that I could describe how it could work. While I don't like to wonder or even care, I had the fleeting thought that laughs may have been edited, or that the audience was staged. I just don't see it being real. I can ignore the NFL editing live crowd noises into their COVID/2020 season highlights and still enjoy football. I could not enjoy this.
Full disclosure, I tried to watch this special when it came out, and bailed after the first couple of bits. This selection just tells me I made a good decision.
Michael McIntyre - Gen X British humor. Moving on.
Fortune Feimster - One of the least celebrated, but most entertaining comedians, today. Her efforts in the name of comedy have gone unsung for too long. And while her special doesn't necessarily communicate that fact, I can tell you if you find any connection with her, remotely, you'll love her wherever else you'd find her.
Eric André - Definitely a little nervous giving this review, because there's so much hit or miss with Eric's work that no matter what I say I would certainly lead at least someone down a path of disappointment either about my critique when they find a love for his comedy, or his failed bits based on my praise of his style.
I think I'll just refuse to do a direct review of his minutes and place two wordings of caution to the wise.
Jim Norton - It's good that I'm squeamish about roasting sacred cows, because these minutes do showcase the culmination of comedy chops, intelligence (perhaps sometimes misplaced), and relatable material Jim has made available to the common man his entire life offer us a distilled version of comedy that we all need: People use language on purpose. And without getting too political, I just got political. Deal with it.
He takes serial killers, an easy target, and raises the bar. Just good stuff.
Felipe Esparza - This type of act is one of my favorites. The deceptive cultural genre that invites and celebrates others may never get old. The way it is set up is especially good, because it introduces an unusual premise of white children being raised by immigrants, but tagging the story the entire time with punch-ups to white stereotypes. It's not as awe-inspiring as (again) Dave Chappelle's parallel to the crack epidemic to the heroin epidemic, but the fact that it made me think of such a thing puts it on the same level of comedic enterprise in my mind.
You can skip the 47 minute mark to 50, unless you like Demetri Martin, and if you like Demetri, just go ahead and watch him. Trust me. Even the cap on the premise could have been done objectively better. In my years alive, and my years of watching comedy, I just don't know what audience this is for.
Patton Oswalt - There's not a monster in the world brave enough to say a bad word about Patton, so I'll do my best to be the first. Despite all his fantastic creativity, word choice, and lazy physical humor, it should be said that his life must truly be boring. Netflix featured something worse than the comedian's airplane story, and that is someone so rich and famous from previous work that he puts his "funny" into walking. He can make us believe it's funny, because of how thoroughly he thought of it, how creatively he tagged it with clever phrases or socially collective laziness, and then throw gems out of nowhere that we didn't even know existed.
Really, if this is the first you've ever heard Patton, give every single thing he has done a listen and you won't regret it (stand-up wise).
Vir Das - Any bit done as well as this deserves mention. The stretch across international lines with something as distinct as national anthems while comparing the human experiences of them is top notch. Going heavy on American concepts is a bit strange, and it harkens a bit to the clean disdain that Indians have for Americans in business, because of the organized crime that happens in India to vulnerable Americans is measured in billions, but in immeasurable pain.
The direction the bit takes suggests that the true hatred of Americans as a people, rather than a government, an economic policy, or an idea is acceptable. I take issue with that, and would suggest a note to Vir to maybe use his talents to point out that beating the shit out of people during your own country's anthem might be problematic. But, I guess if it gets you the laugh, you're still a comedian, just not a good one.
Robert Kelly - I've heard more about Robert Kelly than I've seen of him. Comics love this guy. There's scarcely anyone who knows him in the business who doesn't first hate him, and then love him, or at least learn something from him. Robert does everything in this bit as well as the best comedians in the world. However, if he could do this in a 2-year rotation like his peers at a 60-minute length, he would not know what to do with his fame. He has the mind for it, but it's hard to tell if he has the will.
When comics get comfortable with where they are, their acts suffer. I'm not even talking about his bit anymore, I'm just being his dad.
Outstanding bit. Wish he would try.
Urzila Carlson - There is something of a bonus for foreign comics that Americans give entertainers. Whether it's Brits playing villains in movies, Aussies being... Aussies, Spanish being drug lords, Africans being warriors, Arabs being... Arabs, Asians being martial artists, Indians having hats, Russians wanting to kill people, or Europeans in general pretending the US doesn't matter, they all have a special place in our hearts as audiences.
Few do it better than Urzila. She reminds me of when America immediately fell charmed by whoever does the Daily Show now -- oh, right! I had to say the name of the show before I could even remember Trevor Noah was a comedian... And he has writers! He's not a bad comedian, this isn't about him, but holy shit that was a drop-off, wasn't it? From Jon Stewart?! I mean, come on.
Urzila has found her calling in comedy, she really has. She found something truly unique to her and made it accessibly funny to everyone, because unless you're legless, you have never felt the sheer panic of falling in slip-zone flops, and if you're legless, you've seen someone fall in those death traps. Comedy gold. I hope to see her entertaining as long as she likes, as far as I'm concerned.
Tom Papa - Tom is the kind of guy everyone likes to know, is glad they met, enjoyed performing, but is confused by what he does outside his gigs as a comedian. Even when I've heard him on public radio doing segments, I think to myself, "is this... normal?" I am revealing a bias here that I probably haven't pinned down exactly what I think of his comedy. A good chunk, I'd say at least a plurality, if not a majority, is really good.
I don't know what the equivalent of FUBU is, maybe "for dads, by dads" is just not that catchy. Truly well-rounded comedian who deserves a listen, even if you need to know that even the dad humor that makes money isn't for you.
Kanan Gill - I know I've mention Chappelle a number of times already, but I'm getting Dave vibes when I watch this bit. He is saying smart and interesting things that are not objectively funny, but he's working through them for us in an entertaining way. And I've had this thought before, about how philosophers understood that comics and tragic playwrights (and please don't ask me why playwrights is how you spell it) were basically beneath them intellectually, but in today's society philosophers are not included in anything, not even picked last in dodge ball. Comics have started to invade the philosopher's space in our lifetime, and we let them, because we need them.
I may be giving Kanan way too much credit here, but he's trying and succeeding in quite a bit, while remaining entertaining.
Ms. Pat - Anyone hearing from Ms. Pat for the first time should know you're missing out. From her true-grit American tale of just how hard poverty can be for anyone, not just a black woman in America, she has persevered in ways that should put everyone in awe. I would never suggest that her ability to do comedy was a result of her trauma, but I would die on a hill for the thought that her gift of comedy was preserved throughout it and she summoned the courage to share it with us, today. She is a treasure affixed in time and place that makes the new year look a little brighter, knowing that she and people like her exist and can make the world a better place for everyone around them.
The bonus of her being who she is, is that she has amazing stories. Unbelievable stories! And I don't want to hear for a minute that they're embellished or untrue. Her life is too crazy to lie about! I would believe anything this woman says! Truly, check her out.
And holy hell, the darkness in this comedy is made light only through her eyes; her poise, attitude, and craft of her own story is something to behold.
Rob Schneider - It's hard to think about Rob outside of the South Park dump taken on him during my generation, but we can work with this.
It borders boomer humor with the slap of wet comedy. Yes, getting old sucks, yes food choices are delicate as you age. I do like the misdirections he easily sells due to his decades as a successful actor. Could use a writing team if he wants to keep doing stand up, though.
Adrienne Iapalucci - Actual comedian. Really. There is little I can say that can detract from what she has accomplished from what she is willing to say, how she said it in terms of delivery and poise. I could listen to bits like this all day, because they center themselves in facts - maybe not truths - but facts. Undeniable facts are a comedian's bread and butter, and she has latched onto the concept in this bit like she was teaching a master class.
She worked her bit so well that she seamlessly transitions from praising R. Kelly to Dumping on him without interrupting the flow, which is harder to do than shocking them for many comedians who rely on showmanship, while she resides in the Segura-style deadpan, she maintains her own style completely distinct, but well-written appeal of someone who knows everything and the audience knows it, but she does something Tom does all the time, she inserts herself into the bit masterfully, but twists it up in a dark and self-deprecating way that forces an audience who may have at any point been on the fence to be on her side with a slight personal anecdote.
Kenny Sebastian - Prop-musical comedy shrugs if that's your thing.
Middleditch & Schwartz - They do a good job. I didn't like everything about their special, but what they captured there shows the magic of improvisation comedy, and I hope people who are new to it are able to enjoy it more after seeing what it can do.
Happy New Year, ya'll. Don't believe everything you read, or see, or listen to, definitely don't listen to me. I probably won't edit this for errors, so I hope that doesn't matter. Bye.
submitted by InformalCriticism to comedy [link] [comments]

AMA with Verasity Founder, R J Mark

Read full story: medium.com/verasity
On the 4th of February, we hosted an AMA with Verasity Founder R J Mark. Thank you to everyone who joined, we answered a lot of community questions in depth (39 in total!). If you missed it, below is the complete transcript. Exciting information in this, make sure to read it all. 👀
Hello Verasians. I am Bhav, the marketing manager at Verasity and I’m joined by R J Mark, the founder of Verasity. Thank you for joining us for this AMA! :smile:
Mark: Hello everyone.
We will be answering all of the pertinent questions that the community have sent in throughout the week. Once these questions have been answered, I will open up the chat so you can ask further (non-repetitive please) questions, the chat will then close once more for Mark to answer. The transcript of this AMA will then be posted on our Medium.
Let’s get straight into it!
Q1) There will be no deadline on the swap so there is no rush and no fear of losing your tokens. They can be swapped at any time. Is that right?
Absolutely right. There is no deadline on the swap For more details read:
VRA Token & PoV update
Q2) Regarding the ERC777 Token Swap, you don’t need to withdraw to VeraWallet on the day of swap? Can I do it later?
Correct, take your time, there is no rush. You can do it at any time. There is no deadline or end date for the swap. We are making this as seamless and easy as possible for everyone.
Seamless and easy. That’s the way forward ✅Q3) Will we see more movements from the Foundation wallet. What is this about? The Swap?
That is correct. In anticipation of the swap company wallets’ tokens are being swapped via VeraWallet. See the article about this:
VRA Token & PoV update
New Foundation wallets will be created to replace the old ones.
Q4) Any plans to keep staking beyond the 31/12/2021 deadline?
We have not made a decision yet but liquidity mining is very much in play and could replace staking after Dec 2021. We will announce mid-year.
Q5) All the tournaments are free to join. How does that help the company to generate revenue? Is there a place or example where users/players are actually using the VRA token to get a product/service?
_Great question!_The tournaments are free to join since we are focusing on adoption and scaling the number of users we have globally. Bringing as many people to the platform is our priority right now. As we expand and offer user-generated prize pools we will take a commission on the total jackpots as a revenue stream. In addition, other revenue flows will become available to us as we build our user base and launch our video player this Q1.
We will monetize our esports content through our video player within Esports Fight Club by serving ads from our ad partners:
Advertiser Partnership Update
Esports Fight Club will require players to use VRA to purchase subscriptions via several payment systems: VeraWallet, PayPal and Credit Cards (although some tournaments are free for promotional purposes). Winners receive VRA for winning tournaments. Soon players will also be rewarded VRA for watching ads. Verasity profits from the purchase of game credits, subscriptions, tournament prize pools and ads. This is an entire ecosystem all within Verasity.
See our revenue forecast here:
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
Adoption and scale are key to the success of Esports Fight Club. We’ve made a lot of progress on the platform and are confident we will continue to see further growth in terms of users and a ton more exposure to the platform, and our token $VRA.Talking about adoption and scale… the next question will answer that!~Q6) What is the current Marketing Strategy? How do we differ from other tournament websites?
After creating mass-scale events around the world, we are focusing on adoption and community this year. Spending $10,000 on a big one-time prize pool to attract 1000 teams sounds good in theory. But, after careful planning, forecasting and testing, the results show that the best way is to spread the tournaments out so we reach a larger number of audiences. This consistency and large reach will attract much more than just 1000 teams over a period of time. The best place to do this is by sponsoring streamers and influencers, who each have thousands or even hundreds of thousands of fans.
For the past week, for example, we’ve been running a Valorant Community Tournament with Esports Fight Club’s first partnered streamer, Mika Daime. The turnout has been massive! Qualifier 1 was filled up with the max slots so quickly, that we had to create a Qualifier 2 just to fit all the teams in.
  1. Most streamers we aim to partner with can easily bring in 64 or 256 teams to a community tournament hosted by Esports Fight Club, for a fraction of the price
  2. With the same budget as a big tournament, of the $10,000 we would have spent on a single tournament, we can obtain approximately 540% more users by repurposing that budget for the influencer and streamer tournaments.
For a full list of upcoming features such as the Marketplace and VoD section read our full Marketing and Adoption post:
Marketing, Adoption, Tournaments 2021 (Updated)
It’s key for people to understand what we aim to do with the tournaments in terms of marketing. We read a lot of comments about the “low prize pool” when we announced the Mika Daime tournament, hopefully the answer Mark provided sheds light on that!Everything we do at Verasity is calculated. 😊Do check this out if you wanted a full read on our Marketing and Adoption post for 2021. 👍🏼If you think you’re good at some of the games we have available on Esports Fight Club, join in! The partnered streamers we have will be hosting a lot of community tournaments, such as Mika Daime!Q7) How often shall the revenue estimates (status update) be updated and is there any new estimation?
We will update the community every six months on revenue forecasts. There are no updates from our last announcement which can be found here
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
Don’t forget to follow us on Twitter with notifications turned on, so you can get all the updates as they come through!https://twitter.com/verasitytech
Q8) Have you changed your business model? Because at the beginning it was mainly about publishers.
Our fundamental model has not changed: Video publishers attract audiences to watch video content and ads. Users are rewarded for it, thereby increasing engagement and monetization.
This model has not changed. What has changed is the type of video publisher we are pursuing. Prior to COVID-19, we pursued traditional publishers. With COVID-19, we saw the opportunity to pursue gaming publishers and more specifically esports publishers. More importantly, we created our own tournament platform: esportsfightclub.com. This allows us to control our own environment, launch our own proprietary video player, own our video content, run ads on our player, and charge subscription fees as well as take tournament fees.
But actually publishers and content are publishers and content whether it’s gaming or news.
It’s great to see how Esports Fight Club will have it’s own video content up on the website so that users will be able to watch the content to earn $VRA by using our own video technology, then use the $VRA to join tournaments, or buy hardware from trusted partners 👀Exciting stuff!Q9) Where can I find info about the Founders token unlock schedule?
Tokenomics and Founders token unlock schedule can be found here:
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
Q10) Does VeraWallet speed handling withdraws scale up painlessly when user amounts boom? And shall there be enhancements to user experience if we for example have tens or hundreds of small reward withdraws daily?
We are adding automated withdrawals for small amounts to the roadmap but first have to complete the swap and add the security protocols. We won’t risk our users’ investments.
We simply don't want to risk our secure environment.
Q11) Are there any plans for compounding rewards for the VeraWallet staking?
No, absolutely not. The simple interest we are paying now is already high.
Q12) Bit confused about the VeraWallet staking rate after March. Can you clarify?
The staking reward rate is 0.1% per day (36.5% per annum) until 31 March 2021 when it becomes 0.07% daily (25.55% pa) until 31 December 2021.
Q13) When can I instant stake with BTC?
Good news, BTC is already available in VeraWallet for Instant Stake together with ETH, BNB and USDT.
Try Instant Buy and Stake out for yourself here:
VeraWallet - Official VRA Wallet
Instant Buy and Stake has been a really popular update to VeraWallet. Great to see the community loving it. 👍🏼Q14) With the recent developments on Cardano, and the ease in which ERC-20 tokens can migrate to this superior to Ehereum platform, are you considering following suit of great projects like Celsius to move VRA over to Cardano? I know we are still a bit hurt with Binance VRAB. I understand it is not an easy decision. Just interested in what you think about the future on Ethereum.
We gave this a lot of thought and investigation and as the community knows we have experience with token migrations :)
Please see our latest update on the VRA token swap to ERC777 and Proof of View:
VRA Token & PoV update
As to Cardano — the liquidity is really small compared to ETH alts. For example on Kucoin it’s volume is less than $2m per day. Even on OKEX it’s only $3m. 50% of Celsius’ volume is on Uniswap which is the majority of the liquidity and is not on any Tier 1 exchanges. Aside from the lack of features that we need for PoV, after our last experience, we are very reluctant to join with mainnets that are generally illiquid. Celsius’s solution is to provide the liquidity themselves through Uniswap which is limiting in our view. We believe sticking with Ethereum is the right way to go and the market seems to agree with this as well.
Q15) The new VOD platform, when is it going to be finished and in use?
We are working on it now and expect it to meet the roadmap target of Q1: see verasity.io for the roadmap.
Can’t wait for it to be released! 🚀> Yes, this is a huge milestone for us and opens us up to so many possibilities.Q16) Is liquidity mining still in play? Will this replace the staking rewards after December 2021?
Good question. Yes, liquidity mining is very much in play and could replace staking after Dec 2021. We have not made that decision yet but will announce as soon as we do.
Q17) Are there new partners/publishers in the trend of gaming for the ad stack?
Yes, FB, Google and others. Please see:
Advertiser Partnership Update
In total 17, many specializing in gaming.
I don’t think today there are many ad networks that are not into gaming. It's such a huge audience sitting at home during Covid.
Q18) Micro tournaments: could you arrange tournaments yourself, like a national tournament for example?
The Esports Fight Club platform is fully self-managed, so yes, you could set up large tournaments and be the admin and sponsor. We would definitely like to see this happen by our community members. This quarter, our admins and developers are focused on A/B testing different tournaments with multiple communities to see if we are missing any critical features demanded by gamers. An article will be coming next week about micro and partnered tournaments. We will explain how these increase platform adoption which benefits both influencers and Esports Fight Club.
If anyone does host some tournaments, message me! I’d be happy to join a few… dust off my skills. I heard Rob (Our Finance Director) was a bit of Counterstrike wizard in his day… 😂Q19) Why are the tokens bought via the instant buy taken from a pool which dilutes the total supply? This is like raising new capital for $VRA at every buy instead of us token holders getting a price increase.
These are not purchased from a pool. If you mean that Foundation tokens have been transferred to VeraWallet, see the article:
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
In the Total VRA Supply, line 9, this VRA is already taken into account as part of both total supply and circulating supply. It does not increase either. I think this is really clear.
Q20) Asking about the “Instant buy and stake feature”. If someone buys $VRA using this system, there is no transaction on the blockchain. You say you buy directly on exchanges but no proof.
Buy backs of VRA do not happen instantly and we don’t announce buy backs in advance to avoid speculation. We don’t share our VeraWallet addresses as we have stated before. We are not going to provide speculators with tools to make a margin on each purchase.
Q21) Do we stay on the Ethereum network?
Yes, see the article:
VRA Token & PoV update
We are swapping our current ERC20 tokens to ERC777 which is essentially an upgrade to a more modern and fuller feature set Ethereum token.
For anyone just joining the chat, make sure you read the article above! Tons of important and exciting information.Q22) From the Foundation wallet tokens have been unlocked in the last 50 days and added to the circulating supply. How is our token deflationary?
If you mean that Foundation tokens have been transferred to VeraWallet, see the article:
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
Foundation tokens are not locked and the article clearly states they are unlocked. In the Total VRA Supply, line 9, this VRA is already taken into account as part of both total supply and circulating supply. It does not increase either. We specifically provide for ALL Foundation tokens, allocated and unallocated, as part of the current circulating supply so this is NOT adding to the circulating supply.
Q23) Asking about adoption figures. You claim to have had 8M people looking at your gaming videos (mostly fakes views as the counter earned millions in hours).
The adoption figures were not fake or exaggerated, it is important to understand that this number is a combination of different metrics, all of which ensure one thing: People viewed our live tournament page. This number includes:
Although it was difficult to collate all the viewer statistics we believe them to be accurate and fair.
To see the full statistics of Ultimate Warrior Showdown 1, read here:
Ultimate Warrior Showdown Tournament Round-Up and Adoption
Hope that clears up some FUD! 👍🏼Q24) Asking about partnerships. You say you have partnerships with
Stripe, Tencent Games, PayPal. The truth is any website can integrate these payment/connexion modules without partnership. You just need to read their website and implement it on your website.
Of course, you can add Stripe and PayPal to any website, but try adding them to a crypto-based website and see how far you get. There are no crypto products websites or related services (other than specific financial services) that are supported by Stripe and PayPal because they are not allowed. To obtain these payment services, you need to have special permission and follow a rigid protocol. And Stripe expressed interest in working with Esports Fight Club to reach out to video publishers with EFC to give us access to video publishers worldwide.
As to TencentGames, you need to get their specific permission for certain tournament events and follow their rules. We would be unable to use their logo and name in our marketing material without this. It’s not simply signing up for them. So yes we consider this a partnership because they plan on additional events with us which they now support.
Working with major brands including PUBGM, Tencent, Athena Gaming and Warmania gave us the clout to include major esport teams in our tournaments who will participate in future tournaments as well: FaZe Clan, Orange, T1, Elementrix, Nova, Onic and others. And now because of the history, Blizzard is prepared to provide licenses for all their major games.
We are also in discussion with peripheral manufacturers to support our marketplace launch later this year. As soon as agreements are reached, we will jointly announce sponsored product peripherals that will be rewarded in our tournaments.
Q25) Some things on your roadmap get pushed forward. Why did do you do this?
Our development team has been together doing projects for over ten years. This is normal in large scale development projects. For example, we decided after the large Esports Fight Club tournaments we put on that we needed to finalize and launch the Video sharing platform prior to some other features on the roadmap because without it we would not be able to take advantage of many opportunities including monetization opportunities of the exclusive VOD content that only we could re-publish and add ads to. This pushed certain product features into Q2. Another example is PoV. Initially we thought we would go with proprietary blockchain because there was no other solution that would allow us to support PoV. That changed with the release by Ethereum of ERC777. As a result PoV timeline targets changed so that it corresponds to the release of ERC777 as well as the ability to use it for the Video sharing platform. So in effect, the video-sharing platform came in _much earlier than expected_which pushed out other features/products to accommodate this change. Business decisions and external events impact on the roadmap and it would do Verasity and the community an injustice if we just blindly followed a roadmap that becomes slightly outdated every quarter and greatly outdated every year. It is this flexibility that allows Verasity to take advantage of new information and technologies in real-time. And to push out new products earlier in the roadmap such as the video-sharing platform.
Q26) Proof-of-View™️ so nice!
When will it be a Patented POV?
The average time for a patent to be granted is 3 years. We’ve just started our third year as a pending application so we hope it will be in 2021, however our patent lawyers have told us to expect further delays due to covid. Fortunately this won’t stop the release of Proof of View which can go ahead with ‘patent pending’ protection.
Update: The patent was granted a few minutes after the AMA ended!
@verasitytech
Q27) Will there be an app for download on your phone soon? For Staking. Feeling a little insecure have it online on your website
Actually, our mweb and web applications are much more secure than a mobile app. Mobile apps are much easier to hack. Although we have not been hacked, some users have been hacked via their mobile phones but because we have a manual delay, we were able to stop the loss of tokens. The good news is that now with the swap to ERC777 we can disable any wallets that have stolen VRA and return the VRA to the original user. We do have mobile apps on the roadmap but won’t likely support staking because of the security issue and it is not a priority for us.
Q28) Not try to fud here, but would like to get an answer in AMA to suppress all fud in the future 😁
Financial status company. There have been coins sold for listing on an exchange (still to come?). Was this something that was not planned (like extra opportunity to get listed) or are funds becoming empty?
Current resources held by Verasity fund the project roadmap for the next 12 months. We forecast reaching profitability in 2021 which will finance the continuing runway thereafter. As you point out not all listing opportunities were included in the forecast and we stated that: “In the future, additional listings and expenses may require sales of VRA from the Foundation Reserve”. See the funding update here:
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
Q29) The VoD update is a little bit unclear for me. Maybe you can tell some more about it. To the looks of it, it is a mix between YouTube and twitch but with PoV to earn $VRA.
PoV on VODs is a key feature for us and for our large ad-stack network. While we are growing our partnerships with community tournaments and adding more games and influencers on EsportsFightClub: we want our reruns to be monetized, available at all times on our proprietary platform and browsing page. Think of it the way Twitch highlights previous streamer’s lives automatically but on a larger and customizable library for viewers to earn VRA and for Verasity to monetize via its ad stack.
And we own several terabytes of gaming and esports video content which will launch with the new video platform in Q1. This is actually massive, because on launch we will have a ton of video content to monetize!
Q30) You seem to have many products but I don’t understand how they work together?
Q31) What games does Esports Fight Club support now?
PUBG mobile, Free Fire, Counter-Strike GO, Valorant, PUBG and Ludo is about to be launched.
🚀🚀🚀 Great game selection, so far.Q32) Any near-future plans to expand your marketing?
At Verasity, we have a large marketing team that devotes itself behind the scenes to increase our awareness in the cryptocurrency community and reach as many people as possible.
Although we have community groups in more than 10 languages, our local group managers translate all the news, updates into their own languages and publish them in local forums and groups in real time. Thus, we significantly increase our chances of reaching communities that do not speak English. Verasity Spanish, Verasity Korea & Verasity India are already large groups and growing.
We will continue to use media sites, influencers, and all other advertising sources to spread our news in the future as in the past. Gamification marketing opportunities are very important to us as can be seen in LunarCrush.
In return for these efforts, we have gained a great community support that grew slowly but surely. Our marketing efforts will continue to scale. Our goal in this regard is to continue without stopping until every individual in the cryptocurrency community speaks about Verasity.
Our social media metrics have seen a consistent and phenomenal increase over the past year due to our marketing efforts, read here to find out more in detail:
Verasity Social and Adoption Metrics
For us the most important metrics to see how we are doing in socials is LunarCrush:
VRA - VERAsity Insights | LunarCRUSH
LunarCrush Altrank is the best stats measure of Alts social marketing success out of 2100 popular Alts. We tested many marketing ploys to rank highly. When something works, it’s clear in LunarCrush. Competitions like AltWars simply work. This is the meaning of crypto exposure when the Altrank increases in LunarCrush which measures all social volume, % change per 24 hours, and social score. Even with our volume which only ranks 550 out of 2100 Alts, our Social Volume pushes us in front of much bigger tokens such as OMG, DOT, LINK, CHSB and others. Clearly our marketing is working.
The community support has been phenomenal. It’s been great to see how supportive the Verasians have been. We wouldn’t be anywhere without you guys! So thank you from the team.Especially during the AltWars contest recently… we owned! 👍🏼 Power of the Verasians. 🤝Q33)Have you heard about gaming projects Exeedme and Crowns and how can you compare them to Verasity?
We did! Exeedme is an exciting project revolving around gamers personal skill and players betting against themselves (user-centric) that is just at its very inception. They are not competitors as our model (Community, content and tournament centered) has broader purpose and we dont and wont support betting because it will be rejected by many of our partners.
Crowns Token, from Seascape, is a DeFi economy blockchain made for developers building their own online games but who cannot/don’t want to focus on the technical transactional side. Although they are very promising for simple browser and other types of games, they are just not targeting the Esports market and offer, at best, support for upcoming indie-browser games studios.
We would not be able to partner with Exeedme because of betting restrictions but Crowns could be interesting if the games developed are popular with our viewers.
Q34) Are there any plans in the near future (next several months) to list on an exchange that allows full KYC trading for US citizens (e.g. Coinbase, Kraken, Gemini, Binance US, etc.)?
This is hard for us. The regulatory environment in the US is not friendly. Since we are not regulated in the US, the risk of listing on a US exchange and the SEC bringing a claim is quite high. At this time we are avoiding this. Lets see what happens with the new SEC Chair who is quite familiar with blockchain. Should he articulate straight forward rules that can be followed and which will not be changed every couple of months, we will consider it then.
Q35) What is:
1. Business structure
2. Marketing plan for next year
3. Customer acquisition costs
4. Execution plan on tech side to deliver
Business structure of Verasity:
Development team structure is flat with these functions:
Blockchain developers, Backend developers, highload & security developers, Full stack Developers, web/mobile frontend developers, mobile only devs, Testing & QA, Finance.
For more about the Verasity business model and forecast see:
Tokenomics , Forecast, News Update
Marketing plan for next year can be found here:
Marketing, Adoption, Tournaments 2021 (Updated)
Customer acquisition costs
We will provide CAC when we are profitable.
Execution plan
See the roadmap on verasity.io
And finally. the last question on the list…🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁🥁Q36) Do you have an update on exchanges? The one that was hinted end of last year and more to come?
Very important issue for us and the community. We fully appreciate the necessity for additional volume and liquidity. After the last exchange hack and issues with OKEX, we were thrown off balance but had expected to list on a new exchange by now. Mistakenly we announced prematurely and then ran into the necessity of completing the VRA token swap before we list on a new exchange. Obviously, we want to now avoid having to swap tokens on a new exchange. So right after the majority of the current exchanges we are listed on complete the swap (this month), we will continue with our listing plans. We are well on the way with 2 exchanges but don’t think it’s prudent to provide more information until they announce the listing themselves. The expectation is still for at least one exchange in Q1. Please bear with us on this. We will get there.
Been a great AMA so far. Cleared up a lot of questions and hopefully made you all as excited for the future as we are. Tons of great new updates to Esports Fight Club coming this year and a prosperous year for Verasity is definitely ahead.Thank you Mark!Will be now opening the chat for the Verasians to ask some additional questions.Will be closing the chat shortly after and we can get some more answers out. The gates are opening! 😁
Additional questions
Q37) When the Verasity Game Jackpot price will be held again? We are waiting for so long.
New jackpots are coming onto the platform but for upcoming games like Ludo which will be announced later this month.
Q38) Is it possible to create something like a create your own tournament where I can play a 1vs1(or 2v2 5vs5) against another player(s) in any game anytime (like in 30 minutes) and where I can set for example a winning price of 100k VRA. and both players have to send 50k before the game to a smart contract and afterward it automatically gets sent to the winner?
Esports Fight Club allows users to create their own tournaments choosing from the available games list. We are constantly working on expanding the list of available games and are open for suggestions. The players deposit VRA to the Esports Fight Club account and use these funds to send money to the prize pool. It's quite simple to set up and you can do it for any amount and any number of players and as admin, you have complete control of the size of the pot, how it is shared in % for winners when to start, etc. Its a fully self managed platform that works now. Just go in and set it up today!
Q39) Hi Mark, regarding the plans for in-game advertising and in-game rewards this year, could you describe your vision on this? Is Verasity currently discussing this topic with certain game companies, and how exactly would it work in practice once achieved? Any details you can share with us would be highly appreciated!
The way we view in-game ads is our ability to provide our logo or some other image that would be part of the game interface, such as the floor or walls. This already exists and is popular. We are in discussions now with game developers to add Verasity/VRA. This is a high powered marketing tool that will get our name into many gamers’ faces. These are native images in effect. For advertisers that want to use native images inside our broadcasts or VOD, they get stitched into the ad server in parallel to the stream and we get paid for the ad inventory. In-game rewards are still in development but the vision is for users to be able to click on an object in the game and get rewarded for doing so, not dissimilar to clicking on an add and getting a higher CPM.
About Verasity.tv
REWARDS BASED PLATFORM FOR ESPORTS, GAMING AND VIDEO ENTERTAINMENT
Verasity provides proprietary technology uniquely rewarding gamers, viewers and publishers. Verasity is a crypto-based platform with the VRA token that aims to revolutionise the online advertising business. With its innovative Proof of View system, advertisers are able to guarantee their video ads are seen and not ignored thanks to smart contracts on the Ethereum chain, while viewers are able to earn VRA simply by watching the content they already consume. Verasity has a focus on gaming publishers and esports.
Verasity revenue streams include:
Game subscriptions, prize pool commissions and video ad revenues. Read about the tokenomics, forecast, buy back and burn here.
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VRA can be staked for 36.5% annual interest at https://verawallet.tv.
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AMA with Verasity Founder, R J Mark was originally published in Verasity on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
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I saw five movies (The White Tiger, PG: Psycho Goreman, Our Friend, Spoor, Brothers by Blood)

Sorry for being late.
First up was The White Tiger
Ramin Bahrani has until now focused on outsiders in this country: A pushcart operator from Pakistan, a Hispanic street orphan in New York, a cab driver from Senegal working in Winston-Salem. The outsider always has the advantage for seeing the tight-knit groups for what they really are, while we're too entangled and find it difficult to take a few steps back and see the flaws within our various cliques and, hence, ourselves. It's an outsider in his new film, "The White Tiger," who calls out the strange attitudes of the patriarchs.
Adapting the novel by Aravind Adiga, he introduces us to Balram (Adarsh Gourav), who grew up in a small village, where people worked menial jobs for those above them and paid regular "rent" to a local landlord, who walked around taking money and making threats with only his manner. We first meet Balram in the city of Bangalore in 2010. He is dressed suavely and sits in a high-rise office. His story, as we'll quickly learn when we discover his origins in that small village, is one that involves his rise from rags to riches on the strength of his lively intelligence.
Balram originates from Laxmangarh in northern India, where the nearest hospital is two days away. His father is a rickshaw puller. His brother (Sanket Shanware) works all day at the tea shop. And his grandmother (Kamlesh Gill) serves as the family's elder. Balram is advanced for his adolescent age. He can already read English and partly write, and he holds the words of the Great Socialist (Swaroop Sampat), the country's political leader, that "any poor boy in any poor village can grow up to become the Prime Minister of India." Not quite. His father pays a third of their wages as tribute to a local landowner known as the Stork (Mahesh Manjrekar). The forfeiture of earnings relegates the villagers permanently below the poverty line.
In flashbacks, the landlord looks like (and probably is) the leader of a criminal enterprise, but this is legitimate business for people like him. He's in charge simply because he was born into it, and because the rest of his family, for unknown generations before him, was granted that position, simply on account of some unknowable rationale. That's where the landlord is. The caste system in India divides people into various socioeconomic stations based on their work and their religion, their ethnicity, the place and family of their birth, and other assorted distinctions. After gaining independence, India wrote anti-discrimination policy into law and its constitution, but eradicating an ancient system of perceived social order cannot end with some writing. The system does still exist, and strongly.
The story is narrated by a wiser Balram, who has earned no small success when we first encounter him. He takes us through his life, telling us his days as an intelligent kid in his local class who is promised a scholarship to a relatively faraway school under a government program. After his father's sudden death forces him to drop out of school and into hard labor to support his family, Balram didn't know how he would ever rise from the underclass. He is inexorably tied to a fate determined for him by generations of impoverished ancestors: to spend his life as a willing, self-sacrificing servant.
Stork has moved up in society when Balram arrives at the mansion, looking to become a driver. He wants to become a servant for the former landlord's seemingly kind son, Ashok (Rajkummar Rao). Ashok appears progressive in his thinking, telling his father and older brother, the Mongoose (Vijay Maurya), not to hit their servants, smoking in the car when they're not around, and speaking to Balram in a friendly tone. He's married an Indian-American woman named Pinky (Priyanka Chopra Jonas), despite his family's objections. The truth, as the film goes on, becomes tricky, not only about Ashok, but also about Balram, as we discover when he reveals that he's wanted by the police. The tale here is wide in scope, going back-and-forth in time and giving us a broader view of the caste system by way of Balram's interactions with his bosses and his actual family, who demand most of his earnings and want him to marry, so that his income stays close to home.
A tragic accident reveals not only how precarious Balram's position really is, but just how completely he has assimilated the servant mindset. And when his bosses hear the news, they try to cover it up by doing something even more unforgivable. The shift actually arrives when Balram realizes how quick he was to accept their notion and ask nothing in return for it. This sets him to work on a plan to break free of that mentality, and become his own person at last, no matter what the cost is to himself or anyone who gets in his way. As Balram's tale unfolds, he proves to be more Sammy Glick than Horatio Alger, and what initially seems to be an inspirational tale takes on darker and more complex shadings as his inner ruthlessness and desire to get a ahead leads him to increasingly morally and ethically dubious acts.
Bahrani, whose parents immigrated from Iran, felt like an outsider when he was growing up in Winston-Salem. He is curious about people, and you can tell that from all his films. He asks the same question of all of his characters: How do you live in this world? None of Bahrani's films are simple. They inspire reflection. "The White Tiger" has a view of a corrupt system from the top, through the middle, and all the way to the bottom, and the movie isn't too far off. A politician, known as "the Great Socialist" (played by Swaropp Sampat), presents herself as a champion for the poor, but demands a bribe from the landlord so he can continue evading taxes.
The plot reminds me of neo-realism crossed with the eccentric characters of Dickens. The poor man taken into a rich family is also a staple of Victorian fiction. But "The White Tiger" lives always in the moment, growing from a simple story into a complex one, providing us with a hero, yes, but not villains so much as vain, weak people obsessed with their status in society. Bahrani spotlights issues concerning widespread political corruption, lackluster educational opportunities for those living in poverty, and a society that demands Balram stay at the bottom where he belongs, and make room for those who will eventually tower over him.

Next up was PG: Psycho Goreman
"PG: Psycho Goreman" opens just as one would expect it to, with bright, blood-red expository text against a dark, murky background. We learn about a creature called The Archduke of Nightmares, a vile, menacing figure said to have terrorized the planet Gigax with his horrific powers. He has been banished to a far-away planet so as to preserve peace in the galaxy. Anyway, two kids on Earth, Mimi (Nita-Josee Hanna) and her brother Luke (Owen Myre) accidentally dig up the vault containing this mutant's scaly mask and monstrous body in their backyard. You see, the brother lost a made-up ball game, and his punishment, according to the demented sister, is to be buried alive.
Mimi takes a glowing gem atop the sarcophagus, unwittingly unlocking the tomb in the process. The freed monster plans his moves to return to the world-conquering business. He's stopped, though, when Mimi and Luke track him to an abandoned factory, where he has beheaded two thieves and locked a third in a paralytic state of unending pain. Luke accidentally bumps into the man, which causes him to fall on the floor, making his head crack open into bits. The creature yells, "No! He was my masterpiece!"
The gem, as it turns out, gives the alien his power. By possessing the stone, Mimi has the power to control him, and they go about using this advantage to make him do their silly bidding at home. The kids decide to rename him Psycho Goreman, or "PG" for short. The Archduke of Nightmares, obviously, isn't too pleased with this arrangement. He's voiced with growling, stoic deadpan by Steven Vlahos, and played by Matthew Ninaber under a slimy rubber suit. Psycho Goreman remains a barbarous monster, constantly threatening the kids when he's free of their control and randomly turning an innocent child into a slithering, tentacled brain critter.
It must be said that Mimi is also a major pain in the netherlands. For as long as Luke can remember, Mimi has picked on him, and we see it as a daily ordeal: The ear twisting, the hard punches, the peremptory orders, the demands that he go where he doesn't want to go and do what he doesn't want to do. She is, we sense, evil to the core, a sociopath who doesn't want anyone else to play with her new "toy." When she uses the gem to make him run in place, shop for ridiculous clothes, and play drums in her rock band, Psycho Goreman exclaims "You will suffer an eternity for this." We shall only hope so.
I almost forgot to mention Psycho Goreman's enemies, namely the robotic warrior Pandora (Kristen MacCulloch) and a board of sniveling rubbery aliens in the form of a band of generals who have become content ruling a single moon in his absence. Once they reach Earth, the aliens engage in numerous brawls, battles, and beatdowns with a pretty nasty bit of shocking, over-the-top, and gory horror. All is done in the cheapest of shooting locations; a forest. The kids make a sly joke about the fight going on for too long, which would be much funnier if we weren't already distracted by how long the scene is.
The fatal flaw in "PG: Psycho Goreman" is that it is a bad movie with aspirations of being a good bad movie. It's obviously a mishmash of genres and ideas, most of them stemming from cheap monster movies that were popular in the 1980s. But if it's supposed to be a satire, it doesn't know what it's satirizing. The movie depends for its effect on the kind of shock value those movies had, and it seems to he under the impression that that's enough. Since the audience is scarcely going to be shocked by its mild but relentlessly repetitive irreverence, it all boils down to a very old joke.
Anyway, wouldn't you know, just when things look darkest for our heroes, the enemies are defeated, and lessons are learned. Psycho Goreman's main takeaway is about the power of love, which he proceeds to use to devastate an entire city. As I was watching this parade of horrors, I began to wonder why the director, Steven Kostanski, is so unremittingly negative in his filmmaking. This movie is soaked with gloom and defeatism, with ugly images and worthless characters. It's a world view, I guess, but even the most pessimistic director in the history of movies, Luis Bunuel, sometimes found a way to express his bitterness as a joke. "PG: Psycho Goreman," whatever its qualities, has got to be one of the least entertaining B-movies ever made, and I don't think it was on purpose this time.

Next up was Our Friend
Matt is trying to rehearse what he will say to let his daughters know that their mother is dying. She was originally diagnosed with ovarian cancer; when the surgeon went in to remove tumors, however, he discovered that the disease had spread everywhere. Grief threatens to break Matt's face into pieces, and then something closes shut inside of him. He has always had a very controlled nature, fearful of emotion and revelation, but now a true ice age begins. He cannot seem to feel anything. "Our Friend" begins on that note of emotional sterility, and the whole movie is a journey toward a smile at the end.
There is, of course, the grieving process, with those famous five stages that don't follow any particular rules or convenient timeframes. Then there's another process, which amounts to the socially prescribed stages of grief. These are, essentially, the routines of death and its aftermath. The idea of any sort of routine during a time of such uncertainty seems absurd, and the recognition of that absurdity is one of the driving forces. Even at times of sorrow, routine is a necessity. There's a need to feel normal, even though nothing is.
This film, based on Matt Teague's autobiographical article "The Friend," doesn't spare us such moments, because it knows to do so would be dishonest. Matt (Casey Affleck) is a journalist for The Atlantic, and Nicole (Dakota Johnson) had been an actor when they were living in New Orleans, which is where she had met Dane (Jason Segel), a theater-tech guy. After an early, awkward moment in which he had asked her out, unaware that she was married, the three of them became close friends. Over the years, Dane would often help watch their kids when Matt went away on long assignments.
The overall arc is one of support, with Dane failing to care for his own growth, but ready to support Matt and Nicole as they face a dire future. Dane preoccupies himself by hanging out with them and juggling a pair of girlfriends. He works in a run-down sporting goods store, and also comes close to love with a baker named Kat (Marielle Scott), only to retreat from such comfort, fearful of participating in his own life. When Nicole's diagnosis grows even more severe, he leaves New Orleans to move in with them, saying simply, "I just feel like I'm supposed to be here right now."
The movie has a nonlinear timeline, and typed titles tell us where we are in the diagnosis. The point of these past scenes, I suppose, is to explain this central friendship, how it came to be and how it developed, and to provide some respite from the pain that keeps escalating. Dane isn't overbearing to Matt, he's just there in case Matt needs him. Nicole announces a bucket list of things she wants to do, but even this aspect is handled in a more realistic manner than usual. Matt responds to the illness not with positive support but with a general unwillingness to get involved in the messiness of disease.
Movies like this are made for the living and not for the dying so much. They provide a way for us to deal with our fears. The fact is that few people with possibly terminal cancer enjoy such relatively painless periods of surcease. Nor are the side effects of treatment limited to a certain amount of discreet nausea. We aren't given the specifics of Nicole's disease; Her very short hair may indicate that chemo was used. If so, it seems to have left her surprisingly unaffected. It can be devastating. Johnson is on new ground here, and she treats the performance with level honesty. She isn't one of those losers who skulks around feeling put upon; her self-esteem stands apart from the opinion of her peers. She's a smart, nice woman, a reminder that one of the pleasures of the movies is to meet good people.
Their willingness seems to disappearing with every day, with every new responsibility, and with every reminder of this new loss. The people closest to the patient will be seriously tested. The patient may drift in a neverland of medication, but the lover becomes a caregiver. Regular sleep is unlikely. Daily routines are thrown off. Hospital stays are routine. The screenplay perhaps benefits from Teague's experience, and proceeds in an orderly way through a basic structure. The heart of the movie is in Segels's broad but emotionally affecting work as the buddy, whose willingness to do anything for laugh is over the top but often very funny, and whose character is warm and lovable. No doubt the TV ads will focus on the Buddy laughs and not the disease.
The film doesn't try to make us feel better about what's happening. You do get the sorrow and the pity that Matthew and Nicole experience. She has only months to live and wants to use them to experience a real romance for the first time, not focus on death. It is an attempt by these two characters to steal a little happiness from the inexorable march of time. They demonstrate a natural chemistry towards each other that helps to sell their relationship, and make the big emotional payoffs truly work. What Affleck achieves here seems almost impossible: He is depressed, low-key and intensely private through most of the movie, and yet somehow he wins our sympathy.
"Our Friend" has a heart and soul that is so pure, so good, so decent, so loving, one cannot help but feel its spirit. This is a genuinely lovely film, brimming with tender humanity, a resonant emotional depth. Yes, the movie is corny at times. But corniness is all right at times. I forgave the movie its broad emotion because it earned it. It lays things on a little thick at the end, but by then it had paid its way. After seeing some of the current movies that turn cancer patient stories into plastic soap operas, like "Blackbird" or "All My Life," it was nice to see one that had people. Not characters, but honest, genuine, real people.

Next up was Spoor
You'll find characters like Duszejko in a lot of horror movies, hanging around the margins, tragically sacrificed as their warnings aren't heeded, and seeing her at the center of Agnieszka Holland's "Spoor" is an interesting perspective. Residing in a cabin with her beloved dogs in the backcountry of the Polish-Czech border, Duszejko lives a life of hysteria and generosity. She hates the hunting culture that surrounds her, which includes illegal practices such as setting snares, poaching, cage breeding, and trophy hunting. When a neighbor dies, her first impulse is to describe him as a cruel poacher
Duszejko (Agnieszka Mandat-Grabka) - not "Janina," not "Ms. Duszejko," just "Duszejko," if you please - is a former civil engineer who likes the open spaces of the small town. There, she embraces the fresh air, the glittering sunrise, and all of her wild neighbors. Well, except for Big Foot, the hunter nearby. She has called the authorities on his poaching to no avail. Being an animal lover makes living in this part of Poland difficult, because she is surrounded by cruelty. Every month, different animals are allowed to be hunted, and even when they're hunted out of season, no one seems to mind.
Shortly after Duszejko's two dogs mysteriously disappear, several of those very hunters start turning up dead as well. Duszejko insists that the local wildlife is extracting vengeance on their persecutors. The presence of hoof prints around the corpses certainly strengthens that assertion. Of course, you can sort of tell where “Spoor” is going even without knowing that it is based on a book titled "Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead," but if the film charts a familiar course, it takes an agreeably off-beat route to get there.
By now, it's well established that Duszejko has both friends and enemies. She feels nothing but disdain for Jarek Wnetrzak (Borys Szyc) and the fox "farm" he runs, though she's quite fond of his girlfriend Maria (Patrycja Volny). Duszejko also meets Dyzio (Jakub Gierszal), the local police department's IT specialist, and begins working on the investigation with him. Of course, when she and Dyzio find a dead body in the snow, he isn't much more ready to give credence to her observations. But the secret here is never a multitude of possible explanations, or even a seriously assumed murderous rebellion of nature. Rather, it is in the fact that the one and only clear explanation for all of this remains unacknowledged for a long time.
Holland allows the film to play down its own intensity once the snow melts. The summer months bring Boros (Miroslav Krobot), a visiting entomologist, and the story gently morphs into a love triangle between him and the idealist neighbor Matoga (Wiktor Zborowski) as the two men vie for her attention. Later, Holland will intercut between Duszejko and Boros' lovemaking and the mating practices of various insects, which is illustrative of Duszejko's primary belief that all living beings are equal.
"Spoor" is fascinated by moral paradoxes, by good leading to evil and back again. Mandat is a great center to this surreal story. She grounds the world with her staunch physicality, marching through the woods as if they are her intended terrain. She never goes for an effect here, never protects herself, just plays the character straight ahead as a woman forced by grief and rage into a rash action, and then living with the consequences. The film rather adopts her astrological perspective: it does not see animals primarily as physically existing living beings, but as abstract symbols whose sole purpose is to to reflect the nature and fate of people.
The big question from audiences will be whether or not real animals were harmed in some of the more graphic sequences. I am in no position to say. There's something about actually killing animals in a fiction film that doesn't sit right with me. I feel if you accept the killing of animals at all, then requiring the animal to be killed for art but not for food is inconsistent. That said, how should we respond to the Korean film "Oldboy," which had a scene where a live octopus was eaten by one of the characters? In his acceptance speech, the film's director thanked four octopi who died in the making of the film.

And last up was Brothers by Blood
As I sat through "Brothers by Blood," dozens of involuntary adjectives flew across my mind: pretentious, ponderous, belabored, self-important, confused, muddled, drab, and uninteresting. There were several more, but I think you get the point. Imagine someone telling you a long and elaborate joke, but instead of ending with a satisfying punchline, the person just mutters "never mind" and slowly walks away. That's the feeling you'll get as the credits roll.
Actually, the end credits also serve as an extension of the opening credits, since all twenty production companies are listed. The filmmakers even received support from the Federal Government of Belgium and the Neverlands Film Fund. What's even more surprising is that the production lacked anyone willing to tell director Jeremie Guez that his screenplay was simply not ready to be filmed. The number of people who financed this movie is monumentally higher than the number of people who are going to see it.
"Brothers by Blood" is, at its foundation, a fairly familiar gangster story, about the business of crime, a battle over control of turf and enterprise, and familial ties that simultaneously simplify and complicate all of this dirty business. Peter (Matthias Schoenaerts) lives alone in the Philadelphia house where he spent the first part of his life. He is a haunted man, living in a haunted place. He has only known loss and grief, and that has left him lost in his grieving. As a child, he watched as his sister get struck and killed by a car. That was just the start of proceeding and connected tragedies, which a boy of his age had no control over, let alone any understanding.
As the actual cousin and adopted brother of Irish mob boss Michael (Joel Kinnaman), Peter still has no control and hasn't quite been able to understand how and why all of the events of his childhood came to pass. He should join the club. What he does know is that Michael is in charge. Michael determines the business, decides who gets work, and chooses who dies. Peter can offer advice, but whether or not his cousin decides to listen to it is a matter entirely left to Michael. The local Italian mob has started a violent campaign against his gang, and he insists that their rivals are trying to take over control of certain business interests, none of which is ever explained.
While negotiating with a politician, trying to make up for his corrupt hiring practices in government by exploiting the hiring practices of Michael's corrupt hold on the unions, Peter learns that one of the crew's heads has been killed. Michael doesn't know who ordered the hit, but he's ready to go to war, even without that vital piece of information. When it becomes clear that it's the Italian mob behind this and another killing, Peter tries to negotiate a truce that will stop any future violence. Since I've seen many mob movies in my day, it's obvious that the gangsters are going to take that proposition very well.
The movie is very seriously confused in its objectives, as if two or three story approaches are fighting for time on the same screen. Michael is an uncomplicated character - a sniveling weakling with a big gun who murders in cold blood. Peter is more of a puzzle. He is loyal to Michael and yet demurs at some of his activities. A friend of theirs (played by Paul Schneider) has taken a loan from Michael to open a restaurant, and this is where we're introduced to Grace (Maika Monroe), his bartending sister. Monroe takes on the role of the obligatory female character, but in another way, she's a stand-in for the audience. She knows just as much about the story as we do, and we seem to be with her in scenes where she's not even present.
The movie lurches along, dragged deeper by the repeated flashbacks contributing little. "Brothers By Blood" doesn't build to a boiling point, electing to brood instead. As things move toward a possible gang war, the Italians secretly try to convince Peter that killing Michael and taking his place is the most peaceful option. They make a good case, and when they're not pulling out guns, they have some other good arguments in reserve. But all of the film's growing tension happens offscreen, with characters forced to explain what's going on rather than showing the audience what's actually brewing between Peter's family and their Italian rivals.
As the plot unfolded, I was trying to remember where we had been and what we had learned. Reader, I gave it my best shot. But with a sinking heart I realized that my efforts were not going to be enough, because this was not a film that could be understood. The most I could gather was that it tells the story of a moral weakling who compromises his way through bloodbaths and money deals while whining about his values. These characters deserve better. We deserve better. Most of all, Belgium deserves better.
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